{"version":1792681455464,"content":{"version":"f904669e6083","text":{"title":"The Patron's Path","kicker":"MBU 4210 · Venue Management II · A6 Section 2 · The Guest Journey","guideName":"Dani","storyTitle":"The lease is signed. The room is empty.","story1":"You just signed the lease. The landlord handed you the keys, a tape measure and a pad of graph paper, and reminded you that opening night is closer than it looks. Right now the room is an empty box. Soon it will be a place guests can find, walk through, see the stage from and spend money in.","story2":"I am {guide}, your venue designer. You will draw the room to scale, place every stop on a guest's night from the sidewalk to the exit, and decide what each stop sells. Then you will send a crowd through it and watch where the line backs up and where the money leaks out.","story3":"Later a touring production manager will walk your room and tell you three things they dislike about it, and you will fix them. There are no right answers here, only trade-offs you can explain. Your whole team can work on the same room at once, each on their own phone or laptop.","stepsTitle":"Seven missions, one night","step1":"Sign the lease|Name the venue, set its size and pick the building.","step2":"Place the nine stops|Lay out a guest's path from the sidewalk to the exit.","step3":"Every stop is a sale|Decide what each stop sells, then run the night.","step4":"Can they see?|Check the sightlines from every corner of the floor.","step5":"What the band sees|Load-in, green room, storage and the sound desk.","step6":"Three objections|The touring production manager hands you three problems to fix.","step7":"Signature moment|Name the one thing a guest will tell a friend about.","purpose":"This is not a right-or-wrong exercise. It gives you realistic reference points and shows you the trade-offs, so the floor plan in your pitch answers the patron, the band and the P&L at once, and so you can say where every number came from.","m1Intro":"Welcome to the lease. Name your venue, then tell me the size you found in A4 and what kind of building it is. A warehouse, a storefront, an old theater and a parking garage each have their own shape, ceiling and columns, so this choice shapes everything after it. Last, tell me who you plan to book and the one physical thing your A3 mission needs.","m2Intro":"Now the fun part: the patron's path. Place the nine stops on the plan: sidewalk, queue, door and ID, coat, bar, floor, restroom, merch and exit. Tap or click a stop in the list of nine, put it on the map, and move it if it belongs somewhere else. Give each one your own name and size it. The path lists them in the order a guest meets them, and its arrows change that order. I will draw the route between them and tell you how far each leg is.","m3Intro":"Every stop is a sale, or a missed one. For each stop, tell me what you would sell and guess how long guests stand still, then we run the night and compare. A wait over a minute is a chance to sell or an annoyance, with no third option. So for each one, either put a sale to work in the wait or change the plan.","m4Intro":"A room can hold a thousand people on paper and still have only seven hundred who can see. First guess what share of your guests can see the performer. Then set the stage height and any risers, place the sound desk, and live with the building's columns. The sightline map shows who can really see, and the usable capacity shows what the room is worth.","m5Intro":"Half of this room is for people the audience never sees. Place the load-in door and the truck spot, the green room and storage, then set the stage size and the sound desk. Every stair between the truck and the stage costs money and goodwill, and a five-piece band with its crew needs somewhere to sit.","m6Intro":"Time to meet Rex, a touring production manager who has walked a thousand rooms. Rex will hand you the three biggest problems in yours. Fix all three on the plan, and mark the one you had not thought of. That one goes in your spec as a noted constraint.","m7Intro":"Last one. What is the one design choice a guest would describe to a friend the next day? Name it and put its star on the plan, then write down where your bar is and why. If you cannot name it, your room is a rectangle with a bar in it. It does not have to be expensive. It has to be specific, and it has to be yours.","disclaimer":"Planning reference points for a U.S. live-music venue in 2026, not code advice and not a crowd-engineering study. Your local fire marshal and building official decide capacity, exits and restrooms. Rules of thumb that come from class are labelled as the course's own. Check anything you plan to build with a professional."},"menus":{"sidewalk":[{"id":"sponsor-banner","label":"Sponsor banner on the sidewalk","spend":0.5,"use":1,"needs":"a sponsor deal and a banner frame the line can see","basis":"estimate","sponsor":true},{"id":"street-team-merch","label":"Street-team merch table","spend":20,"use":0.03,"needs":"a table or cart on the sidewalk, in sight of the door","basis":"estimate","merch":true},{"id":"flyer-partners","label":"Flyer partners (a shop next door pays to be in the hand)","spend":0.25,"use":0.6,"needs":"a nearby business and someone to hand out the flyers","basis":"estimate","sponsor":true}],"queue":[{"id":"pre-order-wristbands","label":"Pre-order drink wristbands","spend":12,"use":0.15,"needs":"a bar or a cart in the line, and a wristband station","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"queue-merch-cart","label":"Queue merch cart","spend":18,"use":0.04,"needs":"a cart or table beside the line, with someone to staff it","basis":"estimate","merch":true},{"id":"photo-wall","label":"Photo wall with a sponsor logo","spend":0.6,"use":0.35,"needs":"a blank wall beside the line with room to stand back","basis":"estimate","sponsor":true},{"id":"sponsor-sampling","label":"Sponsor sampling (a free sample, the sponsor pays)","spend":0.8,"use":0.7,"needs":"a sponsor and someone walking the line with samples","basis":"estimate","sponsor":true}],"door":[{"id":"vip-upgrade","label":"VIP upgrade at the door","spend":25,"use":0.03,"needs":"a VIP spot with a better view and a staffer who can sell it","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"drink-ticket-bundle","label":"Drink-ticket bundle","spend":18,"use":0.12,"needs":"a second station at the door and a bar that takes the tickets","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"parking-pass","label":"Parking pass","spend":10,"use":0.08,"needs":"a lot or a parking partner close by","basis":"estimate"}],"coat":[{"id":"coat-check-fee","label":"Coat check fee","spend":3,"use":0.35,"needs":"a coat room with racks and a staffer","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"locker-rental","label":"Locker rental","spend":5,"use":0.05,"needs":"lockers on a wall and a way to take payment","basis":"estimate"}],"bar":[{"id":"premium-pour-menu","label":"Premium pour menu (call and top-shelf)","spend":14,"use":0.2,"needs":"back-bar room for top-shelf bottles and a menu guests can read","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"shots-and-specials","label":"Shots and specials","spend":9,"use":0.25,"needs":"a bartender free to pour fast and a special on a sign","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"food-window","label":"Food window (slices, pretzels, tacos)","spend":8,"use":0.1,"needs":"a food partner or kitchen and a service window","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"tab-service","label":"Tab service (open a card, skip the line)","spend":28,"use":0.1,"needs":"a tab station and card readers behind the bar","basis":"estimate"}],"floor":[{"id":"table-service","label":"Table service","spend":35,"use":0.06,"needs":"tables or a raised area and a server who can reach it","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"vip-riser","label":"VIP riser","spend":40,"use":0.04,"needs":"a raised riser with a rope and a view of the stage","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"sponsor-activation","label":"Sponsor activation (a booth, a game, a giveaway)","spend":0.75,"use":0.8,"needs":"a sponsor and a spot that stays out of the sightlines","basis":"estimate","sponsor":true}],"restroom":[{"id":"sponsor-mirror-ads","label":"Sponsor mirror ads","spend":0.2,"use":0.7,"needs":"a mirror or wall in the restroom and a sponsor","basis":"estimate","sponsor":true},{"id":"amenity-vending","label":"Amenity vending (gum, earplugs, phone chargers)","spend":3,"use":0.08,"needs":"a wall machine or a basket, and someone to restock it","basis":"estimate"}],"merch":[{"id":"limited-edition-tees","label":"Limited-edition tees","spend":30,"use":0.06,"needs":"a table with shelf space and a card reader","basis":"estimate","merch":true},{"id":"vinyl","label":"Vinyl records","spend":28,"use":0.03,"needs":"a display rack and a band that has pressed a record","basis":"estimate","merch":true},{"id":"signed-posters","label":"Signed posters","spend":25,"use":0.02,"needs":"a band that stays to sign, and a clear spot for the line","basis":"estimate","merch":true}],"exit":[{"id":"late-night-food-truck","label":"Late-night food truck","spend":11,"use":0.2,"needs":"a spot on the street side and a food-truck partner","basis":"estimate"},{"id":"post-show-merch","label":"Post-show merch table","spend":22,"use":0.04,"needs":"a table near the exit that does not block it","basis":"estimate","merch":true},{"id":"rideshare-lounge-sponsor","label":"Rideshare lounge sponsor","spend":0.6,"use":0.5,"needs":"a waiting area outside and a sponsor","basis":"estimate","sponsor":true}]},"buildings":[{"id":"warehouse","name":"Warehouse","ratio":1.35,"ceiling":18,"pitch":"A big, open box with a high ceiling and only a few columns: the easiest room to draw on.","pros":["Open floor with few columns to hide behind","High ceiling for lights and a tall stage","Trucks can usually pull right up"],"cons":["Hard walls make echo","A bare box feels empty until you give it shape","Everything has to be built in: bars, restrooms, coat room"]},{"id":"storefront","name":"Storefront","ratio":0.45,"ceiling":12,"pitch":"Long and narrow with the street at one end: close to the stage, close to the sidewalk.","pros":["Intimate, so everyone is near the stage","Street frontage is free advertising"],"cons":["Narrow means bottlenecks between the door, the bar and the restrooms","Sightlines past the first few rows are hard","Load-in often goes through the front door"]},{"id":"theater","name":"Old theater","ratio":1,"ceiling":24,"pitch":"A room built to be watched in, with a tall ceiling and big old pillars.","pros":["Made for sightlines and sound","A tall ceiling and a real stage","Character that guests remember"],"cons":["Fat pillars can hide the stage","Old buildings have stairs and tight back rooms","Historic buildings come with rules about what you may change"]},{"id":"garage","name":"Parking garage","ratio":1.7,"ceiling":9,"pitch":"Low, wide and full of columns on a grid: cheap to rent and hard to see in.","pros":["A cheap, wide floor","Ramps and parking are already built","The industrial look sells itself"],"cons":["A low ceiling limits the stage and the lights","A grid of columns blocks sightlines","Little daylight and little ventilation"]}],"programming":[{"id":"local","label":"Local and regional acts, mostly","blurb":"Most nights are local and regional bands. They arrive in a van with their own instruments, so a small stage, a simple load-in and a bar that carries the night are enough."},{"id":"mixed","label":"A mix of regional and touring","blurb":"Regional headliners and some national tours. You need a green room that seats a band, a load-in a box truck can use, and a sound desk the visiting engineer can find."},{"id":"touring","label":"National touring focus","blurb":"Agents and tour managers read your advance sheet before they route a tour. A tour bus and a trailer need room, load-in has to be short and level, and the green room has to seat a five-piece plus crew."}],"rules":{"occ.standing_sqft_per_person_net":{"value":7,"low":5,"high":7,"unit":"sq ft per person (net floor area)","basis":"code","label":"Standing-room allowance the game plans on: 7 sq ft per person (net floor area), the NFPA 101 nightclub figure; the IBC / IFC best case is 5","source":"NFPA 101 concentrated use for nightclubs and dance floors (7 net sq ft per person), as printed in Illinois OSFM, Calculating Occupant Loads in Assembly Occupancies (2015 edition, Table 7.3.1.2); the 5 net sq ft best case is IBC / IFC Table 1004.5 as adopted in the Washington State Fire Code, WAC 51-54A-1004 (effective 2024-03-15). Nashville enforces both, so the game plans to the stricter.","url":"https://sfm.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/sfm/sfmdocuments/documents/calculating-occupant-loads-for-assembly-occupancies-march-2022.pdf","note":"IBC/IFC allow 5 net sq ft per standing person; NFPA 101 uses 7 for nightclub-style use, and Nashville enforces both, so the game plans on 7 and shows 5 as the best case. Planning reference point, not code advice.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"occ.gross_to_net_ratio":{"value":0.65,"low":0.5,"high":0.8,"unit":"fraction (net standing floor / gross interior floor area)","basis":"estimate","label":"Net usable standing floor as a fraction of gross interior area","source":"Estimate by author; upper bound taken from Illinois OSFM occupant load worked example (NFPA 101 2015)","url":"https://sfm.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/sfm/sfmdocuments/documents/calculating-occupant-loads-for-assembly-occupancies-march-2022.pdf","note":"A design assumption for the lease-signing preview only; once the floor is drawn the game measures net area from the plan. Not code.","confidence":"low","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"egress.exits_required_by_load":{"value":2,"low":2,"high":4,"unit":"exits (2 for 1-500 occupants, 3 for 501-1,000, 4 for over 1,000)","basis":"code","label":"Minimum number of exits by occupant load","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress (ICC Spring Interchange course slides), Section 1006.2.1.1","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Two exits through 500 occupants, three at 501-1,000, four above 1,000. NFPA 101 matches. One exit is allowed only for 49 or fewer occupants.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.door_width_in_per_person":{"value":0.2,"low":0.15,"high":0.3,"unit":"inches of clear width per occupant","basis":"code","label":"Egress capacity factor for doors and other level components","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Sections 1005.3.1 and 1005.3.2; NFPA 101 Table 7.3.3.1 factors per Illinois OSFM","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Doors, ramps and aisles need 0.2 in per person; stairs 0.3. IBC allows 0.15 and 0.2 if fully sprinklered with voice alarm. Minimum clear door is 32 in.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.max_travel_distance_ft":{"value":200,"low":200,"high":250,"unit":"feet","basis":"code","label":"Maximum exit access travel distance, Group A","source":"Table 1017.2 as reproduced in Florida Building Commission code modification 10153 (edition not stated in file); assembly text 200/250 also in ICC 2012 Final Action Agenda egress proposals","url":"https://floridabuilding.org/Upload/Modifications/Mod_10153_TextOfModification.pdf","note":"200 ft unsprinklered, 250 ft fully sprinklered (IBC Table 1017.2 as reproduced in a Florida file). Planning reference only.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"restroom.fixtures_per_person_a2":{"value":40,"low":40,"high":75,"unit":"occupants per water closet, each sex (high = restaurants and banquet halls)","basis":"code","label":"Water closets for nightclubs, bars, taverns and dance halls (A-2)","source":"2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Table 2902.1 (IBC chapter 29 text; Seattle strike-outs do not touch these rows); matches model Table 2902.1 PDF from dcnvda.org","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"One water closet per 40 occupants of each sex in an A-2 (nightclub, bar) occupancy, load split 50/50, from a Seattle-amended 2021 IBC table. Count against the OCCUPANT LOAD (net floor / 7), not ticket sales. Planning reference only.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"restroom.fixtures_per_person_a3":{"value":65,"low":65,"high":125,"unit":"occupants per water closet (65 for women, 125 for men; A-1 and A-3 rows identical)","basis":"code","label":"Water closets for A-3 halls and A-1 theaters (performing arts, concert halls)","source":"2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Table 2902.1 (IBC chapter 29 text)","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"1 water closet per 125 men and per 65 women, 1 lavatory per 200 of each sex. Roughly half the A-2 fixture count; the building official sets the classification.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.wheelchair_spaces_by_capacity":{"value":6,"low":1,"high":36,"unit":"wheelchair spaces (value shown is for 301-500 fixed seats; 1 at 4-25 seats; 36 at 5,001)","basis":"code","label":"Required wheelchair spaces in fixed-seat assembly areas","source":"2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design (DOJ), Table 221.2.1.1 and Sections 221.2.3, 221.5, 802","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Fixed seating only: 6 spaces at 301-500 seats, then plus 1 per 150 seats up to 5,000. No count exists for standing floors; lawn areas need an accessible route.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"queue.sqft_per_person":{"value":7,"low":3,"high":13,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"research","label":"Space per person in a waiting line (Fruin queuing level of service)","source":"Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities, FHWA-RD-98-107 (1998), Table 21 reproducing Fruin (1971) queuing LOS","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/98107/section3.cfm","note":"Fruin queuing LOS: A over 13, B 10-13, C 7-10, D 3-7, E 2-3, F under 2 sq ft. Plan door lines at C (7+); D is tight but tolerable.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"crowd.density_safety_limits":{"value":5,"low":2,"high":7,"unit":"persons per square meter (5 per m2 = 2.15 sq ft per person)","basis":"research","label":"Static crowd density where hazard and crush risk begin","source":"Still, G. K., Crowd Risk Analysis and Crowd Safety (EIAI article)","url":"https://eiai.ie/crowd-risk-analysis-and-crowd-safety/","note":"Static crowds above 5 per m2 are the hazard redline; about 2 per m2 is a planning start; 6-7 per m2 means full body contact and crush risk.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.speed_free_ft_per_s":{"value":4.4,"low":3.5,"high":5.2,"unit":"feet per second (1.34 m/s mean; range is plus/minus one SD of 0.26 m/s)","basis":"research","label":"Free-flow walking speed","source":"Still, G. K., PhD thesis Chapter 3, Crowd dynamics (cites Helbing mean 1.34 m/s, SD 0.26); Weidmann 1993 value 1.34 m/s confirmed in Seyfried et al. 2005","url":"https://gkstill.com/CV/PhD/Chapter3.html","note":"Unimpeded pedestrians average about 4.4 ft/s. Speed falls steeply with density: roughly 3.3 ft/s at 10 sq ft per person, 1.8 at 5, 0.7 at 3 (Weidmann curve).","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"assembly.sidewalk_queue_rules":{"value":48,"low":36,"high":60,"unit":"inches of continuous clear width (PROWAG R302.2; low = ADA 403.5.1 walking surface; high = width below which passing spaces are needed)","basis":"code","label":"Clear pedestrian route to leave open when a line forms on a public sidewalk","source":"U.S. Access Board, Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG), Chapter 3 Technical Requirements, R302.2 and R302.3","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/prowag/technical.html","note":"No Nashville queue-specific rule found. Obstructing a sidewalk needs a Metro Public Works permit; PROWAG wants 48 in clear. Hold lines on private frontage.","confidence":"low","topic":"r1-codes"},"occ.concentrated_chairs_sqft_net":{"value":7,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per person (net)","basis":"code","label":"Concentrated use, chairs only (not fixed)","source":"Washington State Fire Code WAC 51-54A-1004 (IFC Table 1004.5)","url":"https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/Law/WACArchive/2023/htm/WAC%20%2051%20%20TITLE/WAC%20%2051%20-%2054A%20CHAPTER/WAC%20%2051%20-%2054A-1004.htm","note":"Loose rows of chairs count at 7 net per person. Use for a theater-style layout with movable seating.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"occ.tables_chairs_sqft_net":{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per person (net)","basis":"code","label":"Unconcentrated use, tables and chairs","source":"Washington State Fire Code WAC 51-54A-1004 (IFC Table 1004.5)","url":"https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/Law/WACArchive/2023/htm/WAC%20%2051%20%20TITLE/WAC%20%2051%20-%2054A%20CHAPTER/WAC%20%2051%20-%2054A-1004.htm","note":"Supper-club layout with tables and chairs counts at 15 net per person, so a seated table room holds about a third of a standing room.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"occ.stage_platform_sqft_net":{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per person (net)","basis":"code","label":"Stage or platform area occupant load factor","source":"idighardware IBC occupant load estimator (2024 IBC Table 1004.5); Idaho State Fire Marshal assembly checklist (2018 IFC) agrees","url":"https://idighardware.com/ibc-occupant-load-estimator","note":"Stage or platform area is rated at 15 net per person, so a stage adds a few occupants rather than none.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"occ.bench_inches_per_person":{"value":18,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches of seat length per person","basis":"code","label":"Fixed bench seating without dividing arms","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1004.6","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"One person per 18 in of bench or pew length. Use for fixed bench seating.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"occ.booth_inches_per_person":{"value":24,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches of booth seat length per person (measured at the backrest)","basis":"code","label":"Booth seating","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1004.6","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"One person per 24 in of booth seat length, measured at the backrest. Applies to booth or banquette seating.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"occ.max_density_increase_sqft_net":{"value":7,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per person (net), minimum","basis":"code","label":"Densest an approved increased occupant load may go","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1004.5.1 (WAC 51-54A-1004 text agrees)","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"An owner may seek a load above the table only if all egress rules are met and density stays at one person per 7 net sq ft or looser.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"occ.nfpa_concentrated_nightclub_sqft_net":{"value":7,"low":null,"high":15,"unit":"sq ft per person (net); 15 net for less concentrated use","basis":"code","label":"NFPA 101 concentrated use (nightclubs, dance floors)","source":"Illinois OSFM, Calculating Occupant Loads in Assembly Occupancies (NFPA 101 2015 edition, Table 7.3.1.2)","url":"https://sfm.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/sfm/sfmdocuments/documents/calculating-occupant-loads-for-assembly-occupancies-march-2022.pdf","note":"NFPA 101 gives nightclubs and dance floors 7 net, less concentrated tables 15 net. Edition 2015 shown; the 2024 edition Nashville enforces was not opened.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"occ.net_area_definition":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"definition","basis":"code","label":"What counts as net floor area","source":"Illinois OSFM occupant load guide (NFPA 101) and ICC 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides (Section 202 definitions)","url":"https://sfm.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/sfm/sfmdocuments/documents/calculating-occupant-loads-for-assembly-occupancies-march-2022.pdf","note":"Net removes the bar, storage, washrooms and columns (NFPA); IBC also removes corridors, stairs, mechanical rooms, closets and fixed equipment. Gross counts everything inside the walls.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.exits_501_1000":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"exits","basis":"code","label":"Exits required, 501 to 1,000 occupants","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1006.2.1.1; Idaho SFM assembly checklist (2018 IFC); Illinois OSFM (NFPA 101)","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Mid-size rooms of 501-1,000 occupants need three exits. Existing NFPA 101 buildings may wait until 600.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.exits_over_1000":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"exits","basis":"code","label":"Exits required, over 1,000 occupants","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1006.2.1.1","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Rooms over 1,000 occupants need at least four exits. Width and main-exit rules usually require more.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.single_exit_max_occupants":{"value":49,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"occupants","basis":"code","label":"Largest Group A space allowed a single exit","source":"Minnesota Rules 7511.1006 reproducing IFC Table 1006.2.1 (Group A row)","url":"https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/minnesota/Minn-R-7511-1006","note":"A space with 49 or fewer occupants may have one exit if common path stays within 75 ft. Any live-music room will exceed it.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.exit_separation_fraction_of_diagonal":{"value":0.5,"low":0.333,"high":0.5,"unit":"fraction of the longest diagonal of the area served","basis":"code","label":"Minimum separation between two exits","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1007.1.1 and Exception 2","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Exits must be at least half the room diagonal apart; one-third if the building is fully sprinklered. Measured in a straight line.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.loss_of_one_exit_min_capacity_pct":{"value":50,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of required width or capacity","basis":"code","label":"Capacity that must remain if any one exit is lost","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1005.5","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Losing any single exit must still leave at least half the required width. Two exits must each carry half the load.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.main_exit_share_of_load":{"value":0.66,"low":0.5,"high":0.66,"unit":"fraction of occupant load","basis":"code","label":"Share of occupant load the main entrance/exit must carry","source":"Illinois OSFM occupant load guide (NFPA 101 2015); Idaho SFM checklist shows IFC main exit at 50 percent for over 300 occupants","url":"https://sfm.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/sfm/sfmdocuments/documents/calculating-occupant-loads-for-assembly-occupancies-march-2022.pdf","note":"NFPA 101 asks the main exit to carry about two thirds of a standing room's load; the IBC asks half. Ask the fire marshal.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"egress.stair_width_in_per_person":{"value":0.3,"low":0.2,"high":0.3,"unit":"inches of clear width per occupant","basis":"code","label":"Egress capacity factor for stairways","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1005.3.1","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Stairs need 0.3 in per person; 0.2 if sprinklered with voice alarm (IBC). A basement or balcony needs far more width than a level room.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.door_min_clear_width_in":{"value":32,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches clear, door open 90 degrees","basis":"code","label":"Minimum clear width of a door opening","source":"2010 ADA Standards Section 404.2.3; same 32 in minimum for IBC/NFPA 101 egress doors per Allegion Decoded 3","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"A nominal 36 in door gives roughly 32-34 in clear. In a pair of doors, at least one leaf must meet 32 in.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.common_path_ft":{"value":75,"low":30,"high":75,"unit":"feet (30 ft applies to fixed-seat rooms over 50 occupants)","basis":"code","label":"Maximum common path of egress travel, Group A","source":"Minnesota Rules 7511.1006 reproducing IFC Table 1006.2.1; Idaho SFM assembly checklist summarizing IFC 1029.8","url":"https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/minnesota/Minn-R-7511-1006","note":"Group A common path is 75 ft with or without sprinklers (IBC). NFPA 101 may be stricter; not verified. Common path ends where two exits become reachable.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.dead_end_corridor_ft":{"value":20,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"code","label":"Maximum dead-end corridor length","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1020.5","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Dead ends limited to 20 ft; the 50 ft sprinklered allowance does not list Group A. Dead-end hallways to green rooms or storage must stay short.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.panic_hardware_threshold_occupants":{"value":50,"low":50,"high":100,"unit":"occupants (IBC 50, NFPA 101 100)","basis":"code","label":"Occupant load at which latched egress doors need panic hardware","source":"Allegion, Decoded 3: Egress and Life Safety Requirements for Swinging Doors; Illinois OSFM (doors serving over 50 swing in direction of travel)","url":"https://idighardware.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Decoded-3-Egress-and-Life-Safety-Notes-Pages.pdf","note":"Assembly egress doors that latch need panic hardware at 50 occupants (IBC) or 100 (NFPA 101). Doors serving over 50 must swing out.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.fire_alarm_threshold_occupants":{"value":300,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"occupants","basis":"code","label":"Occupant load at which a fire alarm system is required in new assembly","source":"Idaho State Fire Marshal, Assembly Occupancies checklist and code summary (2018 IFC, Section 907.2.1)","url":"https://doi.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/SFM/FDProviders/ChecklistsForms/Checklist-Assembly-2018-IFC.pdf","note":"New assembly rooms with 300 or more occupants need a fire alarm; voice evacuation at 1,000 or more. Exceptions exist for sprinklered buildings.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.crowd_manager_threshold_persons":{"value":500,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons (more than)","basis":"code","label":"Gathering size that triggers trained crowd managers","source":"Washington State Fire Code WAC 51-54A-0403, Section 403.11.3","url":"https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/Law/WACArchive/2024/htm/WAC%20%2051%20-%2054A%20CHAPTER/WAC%20%2051%20-%2054A-0403.htm","note":"Tennessee 2021 IFC 403.11.3: a gathering of more than 500 needs at least 2 trained crowd managers, 1 per 250. Nashville enforces a newer edition: verify.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"egress.flow_persons_per_m_min":{"value":82,"low":66,"high":82,"unit":"persons per meter of clear width per minute","basis":"published","label":"Walking flow through a doorway or corridor","source":"Still, G. K., PhD thesis Chapter 3, Crowd dynamics (citing UK Green Guide 5th edition: 82 level surfaces, 109 transient peak)","url":"https://gkstill.com/CV/PhD/Chapter3.html","note":"UK Green Guide level-route flow (82 per metre of width per minute; 66 on stairs). The older 109 figure was withdrawn.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"egress.exit_passageway_min_width_in":{"value":44,"low":36,"high":44,"unit":"inches clear (36 permitted when serving fewer than 50 occupants)","basis":"code","label":"Minimum exit passageway width","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Section 1024","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Exit passageways are 44 in minimum, or 36 in for fewer than 50 occupants. Corridor widths come from a separate IBC table not opened.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.min_illumination_fc":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"footcandles at the walking surface (emergency lighting runs 90 minutes)","basis":"code","label":"Minimum egress path lighting while occupied","source":"ICC, 2021 IBC Means of Egress slides, Sections 1008.2 and 1008.3","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Egress paths need 1 footcandle at the floor while occupied; Group A aisle accessways are exempt. Dark club rooms still need lit exit routes.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"egress.aisle_width_fixed_seats_in":{"value":42,"low":30,"high":42,"unit":"inches (42 serving over 50 seats; 36 for 15-50; 30 for 15 or fewer)","basis":"code","label":"Minimum level aisle width between fixed seating on both sides","source":"Idaho State Fire Marshal, Assembly Occupancies code summary (2018 IFC Section 1029.9.1)","url":"https://doi.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/SFM/FDProviders/ChecklistsForms/Checklist-Assembly-2018-IFC.pdf","note":"For seated theater mode: level aisles with seats on both sides are 42 in when serving more than 50 seats. Table-and-chair aisle accessways not verified.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"restroom.lavatories_per_person_a2":{"value":75,"low":null,"high":200,"unit":"occupants per lavatory, each sex (200 for A-2 restaurants)","basis":"code","label":"Lavatories for nightclubs, bars, taverns and dance halls (A-2)","source":"2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Table 2902.1","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"1 lavatory per 75 occupants of each sex for nightclubs and bars; 1 per 200 for restaurants and banquet halls.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"restroom.lavatories_per_person_a1_a3":{"value":200,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"occupants per lavatory, each sex","basis":"code","label":"Lavatories for A-1 theaters and A-3 halls","source":"2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Table 2902.1","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"1 lavatory per 200 occupants of each sex for performing-arts theaters and A-3 halls.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"restroom.occupant_split_pct":{"value":50,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of total occupant load per sex","basis":"code","label":"Share of occupant load assigned to each sex when sizing fixtures","source":"2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Section 2902.1.1 (IBC/IPC fixture calculation text)","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"Load is divided in half by sex unless statistics justify otherwise. All-gender multi-user rooms may size fixtures on 100 percent of the load.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"restroom.urinal_substitution_floor_pct":{"value":33,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of the minimum water closets that must remain","basis":"code","label":"Floor on water closets when urinals substitute (Washington text)","source":"2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Section 2902.1.1.2 (Washington State amendment)","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"2021 IPC 424.2: urinals may replace at most 67 percent of required water closets in assembly use, leaving 33 percent. Read through a fetch summary: confirm in print.","confidence":"low","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"restroom.example_wc_a2_500":{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"water closets total (7 per sex), plus 8 lavatories","basis":"code","label":"Derived: total water closets, A-2 nightclub, 500 occupants","source":"Derived from 2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Table 2902.1 (250 per sex / 40, rounded up)","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"Assumes 50/50 split, no urinal credit, no all-gender option. A-1/A-3 seated theater at 500 needs 6 (2 men, 4 women).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"restroom.example_wc_a2_1200":{"value":30,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"water closets total (15 per sex), plus 16 lavatories","basis":"code","label":"Derived: total water closets, A-2 nightclub, 1,200 occupants","source":"Derived from 2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Table 2902.1 (600 per sex / 40, rounded up)","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"Same assumptions as the 500 case. A-1/A-3 seated theater at 1,200 needs 15 (5 men, 10 women) and 6 lavatories.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"restroom.example_wc_a2_3000":{"value":76,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"water closets total (38 per sex), plus 40 lavatories","basis":"code","label":"Derived: total water closets, A-2 nightclub, 3,000 occupants","source":"Derived from 2021 Seattle Building Code Chapter 29, Table 2902.1 (1,500 per sex / 40, rounded up)","url":"https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/SeattleBuildingCode/2021SBCChapter29.pdf","note":"Same assumptions. A-1/A-3 seated theater at 3,000 needs 36 (12 men, 24 women) and 16 lavatories. Large rooms may be classed A-4 by the official.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"restroom.ada_wheelchair_stall_sqft":{"value":23.3,"low":14.6,"high":24.6,"unit":"sq ft (60 x 56 in wheelchair stall; 35 x 60 in ambulatory stall; 60 x 59 in floor-mounted)","basis":"code","label":"Floor area of an accessible toilet compartment","source":"2010 ADA Standards Sections 604.8.1.1 and 604.8.2.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Use for restroom footprint: a wheelchair stall is 60 in wide by 56 in deep (59 if floor-mounted); an ambulatory stall is 35-37 in by 60 in.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_seats_4_25":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"wheelchair spaces","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair spaces for 4 to 25 fixed seats","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Table 221.2.1.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Tier 1 of Table 221.2.1.1.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_seats_26_50":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"wheelchair spaces","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair spaces for 26 to 50 fixed seats","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Table 221.2.1.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Tier 2 of Table 221.2.1.1.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_seats_51_150":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"wheelchair spaces","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair spaces for 51 to 150 fixed seats","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Table 221.2.1.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Tier 3 of Table 221.2.1.1. A 150-seat room needs 4.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_seats_151_300":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"wheelchair spaces","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair spaces for 151 to 300 fixed seats","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Table 221.2.1.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Tier 4 of Table 221.2.1.1.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_seats_301_500":{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"wheelchair spaces","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair spaces for 301 to 500 fixed seats","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Table 221.2.1.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Tier 5 of Table 221.2.1.1.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_add_per_150_seats_501_5000":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"wheelchair space per 150 seats beyond 500, added to a base of 6","basis":"code","label":"Additional wheelchair spaces per 150 seats (or fraction) from 501 to 5,000","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Table 221.2.1.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Formula: 6 + ceil((seats - 500) / 150). A 2,000-seat hall needs 16; a 3,000-seat hall needs 23.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_seats_5001_base":{"value":36,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"wheelchair spaces, plus 1 per 200 seats (or fraction) over 5,000","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair spaces at 5,001 seats, base before additions","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Table 221.2.1.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Beyond the game's 3,000 cap; included for completeness.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.companion_seats_per_wheelchair_space":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"companion seat per wheelchair space","basis":"code","label":"Companion seats per wheelchair space","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Section 221.3","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"At least one companion seat beside each required wheelchair space. Spaces must be part of the seating plan, not segregated.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.designated_aisle_seats_pct":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of aisle seats, those closest to the accessible route","basis":"code","label":"Share of aisle seats that must be designated aisle seats","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Section 221.4","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"At least 5 percent of aisle seats must be designated aisle seats nearest the accessible route.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_width_in":{"value":36,"low":33,"high":36,"unit":"inches (33 each when two spaces are adjacent)","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair space width","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Section 802.1.2","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"A single space is 36 in wide; two adjacent spaces are 33 in each. Use for drawing spaces on the plan.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.ws_depth_in":{"value":48,"low":48,"high":60,"unit":"inches (48 for front or rear entry; 60 for side entry only)","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair space depth","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Section 802.1.3","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Front or rear entry needs 48 in depth; side entry only needs 60 in. Spaces may not overlap aisles or circulation paths.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.dispersion_exemption_seats":{"value":300,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fixed seats","basis":"code","label":"Seat count at or below which dispersion relaxations apply","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Sections 221.2.3.1 and 221.2.3.2 exceptions","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Rooms of 300 or fewer seats may skip horizontal and vertical dispersion if spaces sit mid-row with equal or better viewing angles than average.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.standing_room_wheelchair_count":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"not specified","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair space count for standing-only floors","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Sections 221.2, 221.5 and 802.2.2","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Section 221.2 covers fixed seating only. Lawn and overflow areas need an accessible route (221.5). Where spectators stand, wheelchair sightlines must clear standing heads (802.2.2).","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"ada.walking_surface_clear_width_in":{"value":36,"low":32,"high":36,"unit":"inches (32 allowed for up to 24 in of length, spaced 48 in apart)","basis":"code","label":"Minimum clear width of an accessible walking surface inside the venue","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Section 403.5.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Accessible routes through the venue need 36 in clear width. Egress aisles and corridors are often wider under fire code.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"queue.single_file_spacing_ft":{"value":2.5,"low":2,"high":3.5,"unit":"feet per person along the line","basis":"research","label":"Front-to-back spacing per person in a single-file line","source":"FHWA-RD-98-107 (1998), Table 21 reproducing Fruin (1971) queuing LOS spacing","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/98107/section3.cfm","note":"2.5 ft along the line in a 3 ft lane is 7.5 sq ft per person.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"queue.capacity_limit_sqft_per_person":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"research","label":"Queue area at absolute capacity","source":"FHWA-RD-98-107 (1998), queuing area discussion (Fruin LOS F boundary)","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/98107/section3.cfm","note":"Queuing capacity is 2 sq ft per person, the LOS F boundary. NFPA 101 sets a firmer 3 sq ft minimum for waiting spaces.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"crowd.nfpa_waiting_space_min_sqft":{"value":3,"low":2,"high":3,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"code","label":"NFPA 101 minimum area per person in waiting spaces","source":"Illinois OSFM, Calculating Occupant Loads in Assembly Occupancies (NFPA 101 2015 edition)","url":"https://sfm.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/sfm/sfmdocuments/documents/calculating-occupant-loads-for-assembly-occupancies-march-2022.pdf","note":"No more people once waiting areas reach 3 sq ft each (the jam point). Lobby and queue space must also stay out of the required exit width.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"crowd.nfpa_jam_point_sqft_per_person":{"value":3,"low":2,"high":3,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"code","label":"Hardest a crowd can be packed (overflow ceiling)","source":"Illinois OSFM, Calculating Occupant Loads in Assembly Occupancies (NFPA 101 2015 edition)","url":"https://sfm.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/sfm/sfmdocuments/documents/calculating-occupant-loads-for-assembly-occupancies-march-2022.pdf","note":"The game packs a floor no tighter than 3 sq ft per person (the NFPA 101 waiting-space minimum). The 5 sq ft occupant-load figure is a different thing: it says how many people may be counted in a room, not how tightly a crowd can pack.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"crowd.code_standing_density_ppm2":{"value":2.15,"low":1.54,"high":2.15,"unit":"persons per square meter (5 sq ft = 2.15; 7 sq ft = 1.54)","basis":"code","label":"Code standing density expressed in persons per square meter","source":"Derived from IBC Table 1004.5 standing factor and NFPA 101 concentrated factor (the standing-room allowance)","url":"https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/Law/WACArchive/2023/htm/WAC%20%2051%20%20TITLE/WAC%20%2051%20-%2054A%20CHAPTER/WAC%20%2051%20-%2054A-1004.htm","note":"Average code density sits well under the 4-5 per m2 hazard level, but crowds bunch at the stage, so local density runs higher than the room average.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"crowd.dynamic_redline_ppm2":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons per square meter","basis":"research","label":"Moving-crowd redline density","source":"Still, G. K., Crowd Risk Analysis and Crowd Safety (EIAI article)","url":"https://eiai.ie/crowd-risk-analysis-and-crowd-safety/","note":"Above 3 per m2 a moving crowd shows a significant drop in speed. Use for door lines and walkways while people are moving.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"crowd.planning_start_ppm2":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons per square meter across total available area","basis":"research","label":"Crowd planning starting density","source":"Still, G. K., Crowd Risk Analysis and Crowd Safety (EIAI article); Still crowd density reference page lists 2 per m2 as typical UK event safety limit","url":"https://eiai.ie/crowd-risk-analysis-and-crowd-safety/","note":"Event planners start from about 2 persons per m2 (5.4 sq ft each) over the whole usable area. Low density for optimal flow is under 3.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"crowd.green_guide_standing_ppm2":{"value":4.7,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons per square meter","basis":"published","label":"UK Green Guide limit for standing viewing areas","source":"Still, G. K., Static crowd density (general) reference page, citing the UK Green Guide","url":"https://gkstill.com/Support/crowd-density/CrowdDensity-1.html","note":"UK Green Guide limit for standing viewing areas is 4.7 per m2 (2.3 sq ft each). Sports-ground standard, far denser than US assembly code.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"crowd.green_guide_moving_ppm2":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons per square meter (may be briefly exceeded during ingress and egress)","basis":"published","label":"UK Green Guide limit for a moving crowd","source":"Still, G. K., PhD thesis Chapter 3, Crowd dynamics (citing the UK Green Guide)","url":"https://gkstill.com/CV/PhD/Chapter3.html","note":"Unverified paraphrase; the game does not use it.","confidence":"low","topic":"r1-codes","corrected":true},"crowd.crush_contact_ppm2":{"value":6,"low":6,"high":7,"unit":"persons per square meter","basis":"research","label":"Density where full body contact and crush risk begin","source":"Still, G. K., Crowd Risk Analysis and Crowd Safety (EIAI article); Riskex summary of Still","url":"https://eiai.ie/crowd-risk-analysis-and-crowd-safety/","note":"At 6-7 per m2 (about 1.5-1.8 sq ft each) people are in full contact, a small push travels through the crowd, and stance and balance fail.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.design_speed_planning_ft_s":{"value":3.9,"low":3.3,"high":4.5,"unit":"feet per second","basis":"research","label":"Slower planning walking speed for design","source":"FHWA-RD-98-107 (1998), Table 1 recommended crosswalk walking speeds","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/98107/section2.cfm","note":"FHWA recommended design speed 3.9 ft/s; 3.3 ft/s where over 20 percent are older than 65; prior HCM used 4.5. Use slower values for late-night crowds (assumption).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.jam_density_ppm2":{"value":5.4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons per square meter (about 2 sq ft per person)","basis":"research","label":"Density at which walking stops (Weidmann)","source":"Seyfried et al. 2005, The Fundamental Diagram of Pedestrian Movement Revisited (reports Weidmann 1993 diagram)","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0506170","note":"Weidmann's speed-density diagram ends near 5.4 per m2. Speed falls fastest above 4.7 per m2 and is nearly flat between 2.3 and 4.7.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.weidmann_gamma":{"value":1.913,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"dimensionless; v = 1.34 x (1 - exp(-1.913 x (1/d - 1/5.4))), d in persons per m2, v in m/s","basis":"research","label":"Weidmann speed-density formula constant","source":"Duives et al., How Many People Can Simultaneously Move Through a Pedestrian Space? (Table 1, Weidmann 1993 relation)","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07208","note":"Use the printed formula to slow agents as density rises. Free speed 1.34 m/s, jam density 5.4 per m2.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.max_flow_persons_per_m_s":{"value":1.22,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons per meter of width per second","basis":"research","label":"Maximum pedestrian flow (Weidmann)","source":"Duives et al., How Many People Can Simultaneously Move Through a Pedestrian Space? (Table 1 lists 1.22 for Weidmann)","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07208","note":"Peak flow about 1.22 persons per meter per second (73 per meter per minute). Other studies range from 0.97 to 3.5 depending on setting.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.density_at_max_flow_ppm2":{"value":1.75,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons per square meter (about 6.1 sq ft per person)","basis":"research","label":"Density at which flow peaks (derived)","source":"Derived by author from the Weidmann formula printed in Duives et al. (numerical maximum)","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07208","note":"Flow peaks near 6 sq ft per person, then falls as crowds pack. Packed rooms move fewer people per minute than moderately full ones.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.speed_at_3sqft_ft_s":{"value":0.7,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet per second (0.22 m/s at 3.6 persons per m2)","basis":"research","label":"Walking speed at 3 sq ft per person (derived)","source":"Derived by author from the Weidmann formula printed in Duives et al.","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07208","note":"At the NFPA waiting-space limit a crowd barely shuffles. Use as the speed in a jammed bar queue.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.speed_at_5sqft_ft_s":{"value":1.8,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet per second (0.56 m/s at 2.15 persons per m2)","basis":"research","label":"Walking speed at 5 sq ft per person (derived)","source":"Derived by author from the Weidmann formula printed in Duives et al.","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07208","note":"A standing room loaded at the IBC factor moves at under half of free speed. Crossing a full floor to the restroom is slow.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.speed_at_7sqft_ft_s":{"value":2.6,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet per second (0.79 m/s at 1.54 persons per m2)","basis":"research","label":"Walking speed at 7 sq ft per person (derived)","source":"Derived by author from the Weidmann formula printed in Duives et al.","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07208","note":"At the NFPA nightclub factor, movement is about 60 percent of free speed.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.los_a_min_sqft_per_person":{"value":60,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per person (speed over 4.25 ft/s)","basis":"research","label":"Walkway level of service A threshold (HCM)","source":"NYC DCP, Pedestrian Level of Service Study Phase I, Chapter 2 (HCM walkway LOS table, 2006)","url":"https://www.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/plans/transportation/td_pedloschaptertwo.pdf","note":"HCM walkway bands: A over 60, B 40-60, C 24-40, D 15-24, E 8-15 sq ft per person. Speeds fall from 4.25 to 2.5 ft/s.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"walk.los_e_f_boundary_sqft_per_person":{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per person (speed 2.5 ft/s or less below this)","basis":"research","label":"Walkway level of service E/F boundary (HCM)","source":"NYC DCP, Pedestrian Level of Service Study Phase I, Chapter 2 (HCM walkway LOS table, 2006)","url":"https://www.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/plans/transportation/td_pedloschaptertwo.pdf","note":"At 8 sq ft or less per person, people only shuffle and contact is frequent. Space resembles a queue rather than a moving stream.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"jurisdiction.nashville_building_code_year":{"value":2024,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"edition year (BL2025-898, signed 2025-07-16)","basis":"code","label":"Edition of the I-Codes Metro Nashville has adopted for buildings and trades","source":"Metro Nashville Codes, Metro adopts 2024 International Building Codes","url":"https://www.nashville.gov/departments/codes/news/metro-adopts-2024-international-building-codes","note":"Applies to plans submitted on or after 2025-07-16, with a 180-day grace period for projects designed under the 2018 IBC. Individual codes were not named on the page.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"jurisdiction.nashville_fire_code_year":{"value":2024,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"edition year (2024 IFC and 2024 NFPA 101, both with local amendments)","basis":"code","label":"Edition of the fire and life safety codes Nashville Fire Marshal enforces","source":"Nashville Fire Department, Fire Marshal Office code editions page; Council bill BL2025-1004 (passed 2025-10-09)","url":"https://Nashville.gov/departments/fire/fire-marshal-office/code-editions","note":"Nashville enforces both the 2024 IFC and the 2024 NFPA 101 with Metro Code 10.64 amendments. Where they differ, plan to the stricter.","confidence":"high","topic":"r1-codes"},"jurisdiction.tennessee_state_code_year":{"value":2021,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"edition year (IBC, IFC, IPC; effective 2025-04-17)","basis":"code","label":"Edition of the I-Codes the Tennessee State Fire Marshal enforces statewide","source":"Tennessee State Fire Marshal's Office, Currently Adopted Codes (history table)","url":"https://www.tn.gov/commerce/fire/codes-enforcement/history.html","note":"State rule effective 2025-04-17 adopts the 2021 editions. Nashville is an exempt jurisdiction using its own, newer adoption.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r1-codes"},"door.id_check_seconds":{"value":10,"low":4,"high":20,"unit":"seconds per patron","basis":"estimate","label":"Door station time per patron: ticket scan plus ID look","source":"Ticket Fairy event staffing calculator (scan-rate assumptions)","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/tools/event-staffing-calculator","note":"No independent time study found. Derived from 5 to 7 scans per minute per lane (9 to 12 s). The game uses 10 s for a manual check; about 4 s is possible with an ID scanner.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"door.id_scanner_seconds":{"value":3,"low":1,"high":8,"unit":"seconds per patron","basis":"industry","label":"ID scanner time per patron (vendor claims)","source":"Techloy partner content: benefits of ID scanners for bars and nightclubs (Feb 2026)","url":"https://www.techloy.com/the-benefits-of-using-an-id-scanner-for-bars-and-nightclubs/","note":"Vendors claim 1 to 2 s per scan. One nightclub case study I could not open (search excerpt) cites 3 to 8 s. Plan 3 s.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"door.manual_id_check_seconds_vendor":{"value":16,"low":12,"high":20,"unit":"seconds per patron","basis":"industry","label":"Manual ID inspection time (vendor comparison figure)","source":"Techloy partner content: benefits of ID scanners for bars and nightclubs (Feb 2026)","url":"https://www.techloy.com/the-benefits-of-using-an-id-scanner-for-bars-and-nightclubs/","note":"Vendor table figure for a full manual inspection. A quick glance at a busy door is faster, so treat this as the slow-door case.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"door.bag_check_extra_seconds":{"value":3.5,"low":2,"high":10,"unit":"seconds per patron","basis":"industry","label":"Extra time per patron added by a bag search","source":"Ticket Fairy event staffing calculator (7 scans per minute without bag search, 5 with)","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/tools/event-staffing-calculator","note":"Derived: 7 per minute without a bag search versus 5 with one adds about 3.4 s each. Wanding is slower; no figure found. The range is a planning judgment.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"door.throughput_per_min_per_station":{"value":6,"low":3,"high":10,"unit":"patrons per minute per station","basis":"industry","label":"Patrons per minute through one door station","source":"Tickera: ticket scanning rates and lane planning","url":"https://blog.tickera.com/?p=4887","note":"Tickera: plan 5 to 6 per minute, best case 6 to 10. TickPick plans 6; Ticket Fairy uses 7 without bags, 5 with. Metal-detector lane with bags: 3 to 5.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"door.turnstile_throughput_per_min":{"value":25,"low":20,"high":30,"unit":"patrons per minute per turnstile","basis":"industry","label":"Patrons per minute through a turnstile or handheld scanner","source":"Ticket Fairy: Smartphones vs Scanners vs Turnstiles, 2026 Event Entry Tech Guide","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/blog/smartphones-vs-scanners-vs-turnstiles-2026-event-entry-tech-guide.md","note":"Guide gives turnstiles 20 to 30 per minute, handheld scanners 10 to 15, phone scanning 8 to 10. No sources cited; rare in small clubs.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"door.walkthrough_detector_with_bags_per_min":{"value":4,"low":3,"high":5,"unit":"patrons per minute per lane","basis":"industry","label":"Walk-through metal detector lane with bag screening","source":"OnePlan: How to Plan Ingress and Egress for an Event","url":"https://www.oneplan.io/articles/?p=308","note":"Use only if the room screens every patron. Hand wanding is slower, with no figure found. Independent field data was not located.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"door.security_staff_per_100":{"value":1,"low":0.67,"high":2,"unit":"security staff per 100 guests","basis":"industry","label":"Security staff per 100 guests at peak (alcohol, standing room)","source":"Ticket Fairy event staffing calculator","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/tools/event-staffing-calculator","note":"With alcohol: 1 per 150 low risk, 1 per 100 medium, 1 per 75 high. TickPick suggests 1 per 50 to 75 for 500-cap standing shows. Minimum 2 staff.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"door.crowd_managers_ratio":{"value":250,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"occupants per trained crowd manager","basis":"code","label":"Trained crowd managers required, occupants per manager","source":"Montana State University: expected outdoor occupant load 1,000 or more (cites IFC 3106.4.3)","url":"https://nios.montana.edu/srm/fireandlifesafety/specialeventsreview/expectoutdooroccload1000ormore.html","note":"One trained crowd manager per 250 persons (2 minimum above 500).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"staff.total_500cap_club_night":{"value":19,"low":16,"high":22,"unit":"staff on shift","basis":"industry","label":"Total staff for a 500-capacity club night with bar and coat check","source":"TickPick: Event Staffing, How Many People You Need and What to Pay","url":"https://www.tickpick.com/blog/organizer/event-staffing-guide","note":"Guide lists 3 to 4 door staff within this total and says security at 1 per 50 to 75 for a 500-cap standing show. Sanity check for payroll.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"coat.service_seconds":{"value":30,"low":15,"high":60,"unit":"seconds per coat","basis":"estimate","label":"Time to check or retrieve one coat","source":"Course estimate; no published source","url":"","note":"Estimate, no source.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"coat.rack_coats_per_linear_ft":{"value":4.5,"low":4,"high":5,"unit":"coats per foot of rail","basis":"industry","label":"Coats per linear foot of hanger rail","source":"Kelco Supply: hanger bar rack (page blocked on fetch; capacity seen in search excerpt)","url":"https://www.kelcosupply.com/hanger-bar-rack.html","note":"Supplier rates rails at 4 to 5 coats per foot, about 0.2 ft per coat. Bulky winter coats may need more. Add aisle space for attendants.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"coat.attendant_guests_per_attendant":{"value":200,"low":100,"high":300,"unit":"guests per attendant","basis":"industry","label":"Guests per coat-check attendant","source":"Ticket Fairy event staffing calculator","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/tools/event-staffing-calculator","note":"Ticket Fairy uses 1 per 300 for club nights. A university events office reportedly staffs 1 per 100 in winter (search excerpt only; page blocked).","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"coat.fee_usd_per_item":{"value":5,"low":3,"high":5,"unit":"USD per item","basis":"published","label":"Coat check fee charged by working venues","source":"First Avenue FAQ (coat check policies by room)","url":"https://first-avenue.com/faq/","note":"First Avenue $5 year-round; Fine Line $4 and Turf Club $3 seasonal, cash only; Fitzgerald Theater none. The 9:30 Club charges $5 seasonally.","confidence":"high","topic":"r2-service"},"coat.usage_pct":{"value":25,"low":10,"high":50,"unit":"percent of patrons (cold weather)","basis":"estimate","label":"Share of patrons using coat check on cold nights","source":"9:30 Club FAQ (coat check seasonal, none in warm weather)","url":"https://www.930.com/faq/","note":"No usage statistic was found. Big clubs run coat check only in cold months and some rooms have none. The game uses this share of guests on a cold night and a smaller share on a mild one (that smaller share is the game's own assumption, listed beside it).","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.drinks_per_bartender_per_hour":{"value":90,"low":60,"high":100,"unit":"drinks per hour","basis":"industry","label":"Drinks one bartender serves per hour in busy service","source":"Ticket Fairy Bar and F&B Revenue Calculator","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/tools/bar-revenue-calculator.md","note":"A peak ceiling; 60 to 100 is the range sources agree on.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.craft_cocktail_drinks_per_hour":{"value":35,"low":30,"high":40,"unit":"drinks per hour","basis":"industry","label":"Craft cocktails one bartender can sustain per hour","source":"ClimbTheLadder: How Many Drinks Can You Serve in an Hour","url":"https://climbtheladder.com/how-many-drinks-can-you-serve-in-an-hour/","note":"Multi-ingredient, shaken drinks only. Simple beer, wine or mixer drinks exceed 60 to 80. Use to penalize cocktail-heavy menus at peak.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.sales_per_hour_busy_full_service":{"value":45,"low":40,"high":50,"unit":"transactions per hour per bartender","basis":"industry","label":"Transactions per bartender-hour at a busy full-service bar","source":"ClimbTheLadder: How Many Drinks Can You Serve in an Hour","url":"https://climbtheladder.com/how-many-drinks-can-you-serve-in-an-hour/","note":"Counts sales, not drinks, mixing simple and complex orders; one sale can hold several drinks. Blog-level sourcing, no study cited.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.bartenders_per_100_guests":{"value":1.33,"low":1.1,"high":2.9,"unit":"bartenders per 100 guests","basis":"industry","label":"Bartenders needed per 100 guests","source":"ProfitableVenture: How Many Bartenders Do You Need for 150 Guests","url":"https://www.profitableventure.com/how-many-bartenders-150-guests/","note":"Guests per bartender: beer and wine only 90, limited menu 75, full bar 35. Ticket Fairy uses 1 per 75 peak guests for club events.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.seconds_per_transaction":{"value":75,"low":60,"high":150,"unit":"seconds per order (excludes queue wait)","basis":"estimate","label":"Bartender service time per order including payment","source":"Worked out from published bartender speeds: 60 to 90 drinks an hour per bartender (Ticket Fairy bar revenue calculator; Profitable Venture)","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/tools/bar-revenue-calculator.md","note":"Worked out, not measured: 60 to 90 drinks an hour at 1.5 drinks an order is 60 to 90 seconds an order, and the game uses 75 (72 drinks an hour). A craft-cocktail bar can take about 150 seconds an order.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.typical_stand_wait_minutes":{"value":1.5,"low":1,"high":2,"unit":"minutes per person","basis":"industry","label":"Wait at a normal stadium concession stand (operator estimate)","source":"Q&A with Aramark's Chris Devore (Zippin blog)","url":"https://getzippin.com/blog/qa-with-aramarks-chris-devore","note":"Operator quote for a stadium stand, not a concert bar. Checkout-free stores average 30 to 45 s per transaction. A concert bar at intermission can run longer.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.drinks_per_order":{"value":1.5,"low":1.2,"high":2.2,"unit":"drinks per transaction","basis":"estimate","label":"Drinks per transaction at a concert bar","source":"Estimated from GoTab's stadium and event order data (one to two items an order); no concert-bar figure was found","url":"https://gotab.com/latest/per-cap-f-and-b-throughput-math-high-volume-venues","note":"No published basket size for concert bars. GoTab stadium and event orders average $10.62 guest-placed and $16.62 staff-placed, roughly one to two items. The game uses an average of 1.5 drinks an order, to allow for the occasional round.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.frontage_ft_per_100_guests":{"value":6,"low":5,"high":11,"unit":"linear feet of working bar per 100 guests","basis":"industry","label":"Working bar frontage per 100 guests","source":"EventPlanning.com: bartender staffing and placement","url":"https://eventplanning.com/bartender-staffing-placement/","note":"5 ft of working bar per 100 guests is a minimum; 6 is the game's default. Real rooms build 13 to 17 ft per 100 capacity.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.station_width_ft":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet per bartender","basis":"industry","label":"Bar frontage per bartender station","source":"EventPlanning.com: bartender staffing and placement","url":"https://eventplanning.com/bartender-staffing-placement/","note":"Each bartender needs about 4 ft of bar. Guide advises one combined bar over split stations, which create uneven queues, and keeping the bar away from the entrance.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.depth_and_clearance_ft":{"value":2,"low":1.5,"high":2.5,"unit":"feet (bar top depth)","basis":"published","label":"Bar top depth","source":"Dimensions.com: Bar, Straight","url":"https://www.dimensions.com/element/bar-straight","note":"Top depth 18 to 30 in. Other clearances are in the bar.* ids. Reference-site figures, not a building code; no code sets bar-top depth.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.backbar_depth_ft":{"value":2.25,"low":2,"high":2.5,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Back bar and underbar depth","source":"Dimensions.com: Bar, Straight","url":"https://www.dimensions.com/element/bar-straight","note":"Back bar is 24 to 30 in deep. Draw it behind the staff aisle, so total depth behind the bar top is aisle plus back bar.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.service_aisle_ft":{"value":3,"low":2.5,"high":3,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Bartender work aisle behind the bar","source":"Dimensions.com: Bar Clearances","url":"https://www.dimensions.com/element/bar-clearances","note":"Staff work zone 30 to 36 in. A planning judgment, not sourced: widen to 3.5 to 4 ft where two bartenders pass.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.public_zone_in_front_ft":{"value":4.5,"low":4,"high":5,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Patron zone in front of the bar","source":"Dimensions.com: Bar Clearances","url":"https://www.dimensions.com/element/bar-clearances","note":"Overall public zone 48 to 60 in, with 18 to 24 in per customer at the bar. Add depth for a two-deep queue on busy bars.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.height_in":{"value":42,"low":42,"high":45,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Standing bar counter height","source":"Dimensions.com: Bar, Straight","url":"https://www.dimensions.com/element/bar-straight","note":"Standard bar height 42 to 45 in. An accessible section must be lower (see the accessible counter length).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.ada_accessible_counter_length_ft":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet (section at most 36 in high)","basis":"code","label":"Minimum length of an accessible bar or service counter section","source":"2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, sections 904.4.1, 305.3, 403.5.1","url":"https://www.ada.gov/assets/pdfs/2010-design-standards.pdf","note":"Section at least 36 in long and at most 36 in high; clear floor space 30 by 48 in; routes 36 in wide. Dining surfaces: 28 to 34 in.","confidence":"high","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.fb_spend_per_head":{"value":22,"low":12,"high":38,"unit":"USD per head","basis":"estimate","label":"Food and drink spend per head (all sizes)","source":"Course default (the same planning estimate as The Rig Shop's P&L); no published source","url":"","note":"A planning estimate set by the course (the same one The Rig Shop's P&L uses): $20 for a small room, $22 for a mid-size room and $24 for a large one, with a range of $12 to $38. Not a measurement.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.fb_spend_per_head.small":{"value":20,"low":12,"high":32,"unit":"USD per head","basis":"estimate","label":"Food and drink spend per head, small room (up to 500)","source":"Course default (the same planning estimate as The Rig Shop's P&L); no published source","url":"","note":"A planning estimate set by the course (the same one The Rig Shop's P&L uses), not a measurement. No published figure backs it, so treat it as a reference point and test it against a real venue's numbers.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.fb_spend_per_head.mid":{"value":22,"low":14,"high":35,"unit":"USD per head","basis":"estimate","label":"Food and drink spend per head, mid-size room (501 to 1,200)","source":"Course default (the same planning estimate as The Rig Shop's P&L); no published source","url":"","note":"A planning estimate set by the course (the same one The Rig Shop's P&L uses), not a measurement. No published figure backs it, so treat it as a reference point and test it against a real venue's numbers.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.fb_spend_per_head.large":{"value":24,"low":12,"high":38,"unit":"USD per head","basis":"estimate","label":"Food and drink spend per head, large room (1,201 to 3,000)","source":"Course default (the same planning estimate as The Rig Shop's P&L); no published source","url":"","note":"A planning estimate set by the course (the same one The Rig Shop's P&L uses), not a measurement. No published figure backs it, so treat it as a reference point and test it against a real venue's numbers.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.fb_spend_amphitheater_ceiling":{"value":45,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per fan (minimum reported)","basis":"published","label":"Ancillary spend per fan at US amphitheater shows (ceiling)","source":"Live Nation Entertainment Form 10-K FY2025","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1335258/000133525826000009/lyv-20251231.htm","note":"Filing says ancillary spend exceeded this in 2025, including merch and premium items. Use as an upper bound, not a club or theater figure.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.concession_spend_small_amphitheater":{"value":12.5,"low":10,"high":15,"unit":"USD per visitor","basis":"published","label":"Concession sales per visitor at a small outdoor amphitheater","source":"News Tribune: concert sets concession spending record (Capital Region Amphitheater, Jefferson City)","url":"https://www.newstribune.com/news/2026/jul/17/lewis-concert-sets-concession-spending-record-at/","note":"Typical per-visitor range; the record night was about $22 with roughly 1,100 attendees. Excludes merch and food trucks. A low anchor for lighter-drinking rooms.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.drink_spend_per_night_eventbrite":{"value":26,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per fan per night","basis":"industry","label":"Average fan spend on drinks per night out","source":"Eventbrite: A Straightforward Guide to Bar Management for Music Venues (Feb 6, 2025)","url":"https://www.eventbrite.com/blog/bar-management-for-music-venues-ds00/","note":"Page names no survey or year. It supports a mid-$20s figure for a whole night out, not per show. Forecast formula: bar sales = tickets plus walk-ins times spend.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.minimum_spend_city_winery":{"value":25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per patron","basis":"published","label":"Food and drink minimum at City Winery concerts","source":"Boston Globe: City Winery minimum fee (Jan 2025)","url":"https://www.bostonglobe.com/2025/01/15/arts/city-winery-minimum-fee/","note":"Owner estimated about 65 percent of patrons already spend well above $25. Seated, dining-led rooms; not a standing-club figure.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.share_buying_at_least_once_pct":{"value":70,"low":55,"high":90,"unit":"percent of patrons","basis":"model","label":"Share of patrons who buy at least one drink","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"The game's assumption. No published study gives the share of concert guests who buy a drink, so 70 percent is a round number inside the range shown (55 to 90).","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.sales_timing":{"value":30,"low":15,"high":45,"unit":"percent of night's bar revenue","basis":"model","label":"Share of the night's bar revenue earned after the headliner starts","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"The game works out the after-9:30 share of bar sales from the night itself and reports it as a result; 30 percent is what the model expects when the bar is easy to reach. Not research.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.top_two_hours_share_pct":{"value":52,"low":50,"high":54,"unit":"percent of orders (or bar revenue)","basis":"industry","label":"Share of day's orders in the two busiest hours","source":"GoTab: Per-Cap Without More Stands (100-plus stadium and event venues, four weeks)","url":"https://gotab.com/latest/per-cap-f-and-b-throughput-math-high-volume-venues","note":"Busiest hour carried 30.1 percent and second busiest 23.6 percent of orders. Ticket Fairy assumes about 50 percent of bar revenue in two peak hours. Stadium data.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.intermission_share_pct":{"value":35,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of orders","basis":"published","label":"Share of concession orders placed at the main break","source":"Stadium Tech Report: CityPark concessions, Part 7 (operator statement, soccer stadium)","url":"https://stadiumtechreport.com/feature/citypark-concessions-part-7-how-does-it-all-work/","note":"Operator says 35 percent of all concession orders come at halftime. Use as an analogue for the changeover rush at a concert bar.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.nonalcoholic_share_pct":{"value":7,"low":3,"high":10,"unit":"percent of bar revenue","basis":"industry","label":"Non-alcoholic share of event bar revenue","source":"Ticket Fairy Bar and F&B Revenue Calculator","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/tools/bar-revenue-calculator.md","note":"Calculator says the share grew from about 3 to about 7 percent in five years, 8 to 10 percent with a younger crowd. Vendor figure, unsourced.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.abandon_wait_minutes":{"value":5,"low":3,"high":10,"unit":"minutes","basis":"estimate","label":"Bar wait at which patrons give up","source":"Mashgin 2025 NCAA Fan Concessions Report (vendor-run survey of sports fans)","url":"https://blog.mashgin.com/hubfs/Mashgin%202025%20NCAA%20Fan%20Concessions%20Report.pdf","note":"No measured walkout threshold for concert bars. Surveyed fans call under 10 minutes ideal and 85 percent have abandoned a line. The game uses 5 minutes while music plays.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"bar.line_abandoned_ever_pct":{"value":85,"low":80,"high":85,"unit":"percent of surveyed sports fans","basis":"industry","label":"Fans who say they have abandoned a concession line","source":"Mashgin 2025 NCAA Fan Concessions Report; Mashgin MLB survey via Yahoo Finance (N over 530)","url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/report-finds-long-concession-lines-130000885.html","note":"NCAA 85 percent; MLB over 80 percent. Vendor surveys of stated behavior at sports, not observed concert-bar behavior. Directional only.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.revenue_lost_to_long_queues_pct":{"value":17.5,"low":15,"high":20,"unit":"percent of peak-hour revenue","basis":"industry","label":"Peak-hour revenue lost to 30-minute bar queues","source":"Ticket Fairy Bar and F&B Revenue Calculator","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/tools/bar-revenue-calculator.md","note":"Calculator assumption for operators who staff to average demand. Unsourced vendor figure; use to scale the game's lost-sales penalty.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"bar.fb_share_of_venue_revenue_pct":{"value":60,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of gross turnover (historical)","basis":"research","label":"Food and drink share of independent venue turnover (Berlin study)","source":"Hypebot: New study shows how drinking habits are reshaping live music (Berlin Club Commission)","url":"https://www.hypebot.com/new-study-shows-how-drinking-habits-are-reshaping-live-music/","note":"European independent venues historically; tickets were 21 percent. US ticket share is likely higher. Shows why bar placement dominates the floor plan.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"restroom.visit_seconds_by_sex_and_rate":{"value":150,"low":79,"high":181,"unit":"seconds per visit, women","basis":"research","label":"Restroom visit duration, women (entry to exit)","source":"Rawls (1988), Restroom usage in selected public buildings: females and males (Virginia Tech)","url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/53598","note":"Sports arena 152.5 s; 2025 UK stadium concert 127 s; 1988 public rest room study 79 s. Men's visits are in the men's row, and how often guests visit is in the visits-per-hour row.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"restroom.visit_seconds_men":{"value":85,"low":73,"high":113,"unit":"seconds per visit, men","basis":"research","label":"Restroom visit duration, men (entry to exit)","source":"Rawls (1988), Restroom usage in selected public buildings: females and males (Virginia Tech)","url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/53598","note":"Men 85 s per visit and women 150 s, both from the same 1988 study (Rawls). The low end of the range, 73 s, was measured at a 2025 stadium concert; the game does not use it as the default.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"restroom.visit_seconds_women_concert_2025":{"value":127,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seconds per visit, women","basis":"research","label":"Measured women's restroom dwell time at a 2025 stadium concert","source":"Hunt (SGSA 2026): Using data and evidence to effectively plan, a case study in toilets","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"Unverified: the source deck is image-only. Carried only as an alternative.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"restroom.visits_per_patron_per_hour":{"value":0.4,"low":0.25,"high":0.75,"unit":"visits per patron-hour","basis":"estimate","label":"Restroom visits per patron per hour at a concert","source":"Working With Crowds: contemplation of toilet provision and service times at large events","url":"https://www.workingwithcrowds.com/contemplation-of-toilet-provision-and-service-times-at-large-scale-events/","note":"No measured concert rate was found. One planning blog assumes 0.33 visits an hour (2 visits in 6 hours). Drinking raises it, so the game uses a higher rate for a 3 to 4 hour club night.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"restroom.surge_timing":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"n/a (timing)","basis":"research","label":"When restroom demand surges","source":"Hunt (SGSA 2026): a case study in toilets","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"39 to 45 percent of women's trips came while the show played, so the rest cluster before and after it. Vendor blogs say surges follow set breaks and headliner end.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"restroom.queue_present_pct_of_time":{"value":87,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of studied event time","basis":"research","label":"Share of event time with a queue at the women's restroom","source":"Hunt (SGSA 2026): a case study in toilets","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"At the 2025 stadium concert (63.6 percent women) women's demand ran 320 percent above a football match. Scale to a club with caution.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"restroom.intermission_wait_women_minutes":{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"research","label":"Average intermission restroom wait, women (men 4 minutes)","source":"Pollstar: Performance halls' potty problems (DeVos Performance Hall, Grand Rapids)","url":"https://news.pollstar.com/2014/03/17/performance-halls-potty-problems/","note":"Local architecture firm study during a 15-minute intermission: women 14 minutes, men 4. Seated hall, not a club; shows how short breaks create long lines.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"restroom.women_fixture_share_pct":{"value":60,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of fixtures","basis":"research","label":"Share of fixtures a 1988 study recommended for women","source":"Deseret News: 79 seconds vs 45, women win the line (Cornell/Washington DOT study, 1988)","url":"https://www.deseret.com/1988/4/30/18764612/79-seconds-vs-45-women-win-the-line/","note":"Study timed men 45 s and women 79 s at public rest rooms and urged a 60:40 women-to-men split. Sample not stated; follow the plumbing code for counts.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"merch.attach_rate_pct_and_spend":{"value":21,"low":19,"high":23,"unit":"percent of fans","basis":"industry","label":"Share of concert fans who buy merch","source":"atVenu: A Year in Review 2025","url":"https://atvenu.com/year-in-review","note":"21 percent in 2025, 20 in 2024, 19 in 2022, 11 in 2019; other atVenu pages cite 23 percent for 2025. No band data for rooms under 1,200.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"merch.spend_per_head_usd":{"value":10,"low":8.8,"high":12,"unit":"USD per attendee","basis":"industry","label":"Merch revenue per attendee (per head)","source":"atVenu: A Year in Review 2025","url":"https://atvenu.com/year-in-review","note":"Average $10.24 in 2025, $9.90 in 2024, $8.13 in 2022; 2024 groups ran up to $20.20. A 2015 atVenu analysis found per-head falls as venues get bigger.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"merch.spend_per_buyer_usd":{"value":49,"low":45,"high":90,"unit":"USD per buyer","basis":"estimate","label":"Merch spend per buyer","source":"atVenu: The 2024 Fan Spending Report (updated Aug 2025)","url":"https://atvenu.com/post/the-fan-spending-report-what-concertgoers-are-buying-most","note":"Derived: $10.24 per head divided by 21 percent buying. atVenu's fan survey reports $45 at smaller shows up to $90-plus at high-capacity events.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"merch.sales_timing":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"n/a (timing)","basis":"industry","label":"When merch sells during the night","source":"atVenu: Concert venue merchandise data trends in 2024","url":"https://atvenu.com/post/a-look-into-updated-concert-venue-merchandise-data-trends","note":"Clubs peak at the end of the night; arenas, stadiums and amphitheaters sell most before the headliner. No percentages published. Put the merch table near the exit path.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"arrival.curve_shares":{"value":68,"low":50,"high":80,"unit":"percent of attendees","basis":"industry","label":"Share of concertgoers who say they arrive early to see openers","source":"Hypebot: fans care about openers (UTA and Variety survey, Oct 2023)","url":"https://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2023/10/fans-care-about-openers-says-survey-but-for-acts-is-bigger-better.html","note":"Survey says 68 percent arrive early to see openers; sample and date not given. Tickera plans 70 percent of entries in a 45-minute peak. No club ingress curve published.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"arrival.share_before_doors_pct":{"value":15,"low":5,"high":30,"unit":"percent of patrons","basis":"estimate","label":"Share of patrons queued before doors open","source":"9:30 Club FAQ (fans line up before doors for front-of-stage spots)","url":"https://www.930.com/faq/","note":"No published figure. Fans queue early for front positions; sell-outs and favorite acts run higher. Sets the size of the first door spike.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"arrival.share_first_hour_after_doors_pct":{"value":50,"low":40,"high":60,"unit":"percent of patrons","basis":"estimate","label":"Share of patrons arriving in the first hour after doors","source":"Tickera: ticket scanning rates and lane planning (70 percent in 45-minute peak example)","url":"https://blog.tickera.com/?p=4887","note":"Estimate so that before-doors 15, first hour 50 and later 35 total 100 and sit near the 68 percent early-for-openers survey. Not measured.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"arrival.share_after_opener_starts_pct":{"value":35,"low":20,"high":45,"unit":"percent of patrons","basis":"estimate","label":"Share of patrons arriving after the opener has started","source":"Hypebot: fans care about openers (UTA and Variety survey)","url":"https://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2023/10/fans-care-about-openers-says-survey-but-for-acts-is-bigger-better.html","note":"Complement of the 68 percent arriving for openers. Late arrivals are the headliner-only crowd that shortens the bar's earning window.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"arrival.peak_window_minutes":{"value":45,"low":20,"high":60,"unit":"minutes","basis":"industry","label":"Length of the peak entry window","source":"Tickera: ticket scanning rates and lane planning","url":"https://blog.tickera.com/?p=4887","note":"Tickera's 2,000-person concert example uses a 45-minute window with 70 percent of guests; TickPick's small-show examples use 20 to 30 minutes. Planning assumptions, not measurements.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"timeline.doors_to_opener_minutes":{"value":60,"low":30,"high":90,"unit":"minutes","basis":"estimate","label":"Doors to opener start, club night","source":"No source found; reasoned estimate consistent with the A6 day sheet (bar stops earning at 9:30)","url":"","note":"No published standard found. A Nashville venue listing showed 7:30 and 8:30 pm start times. Doors, opener and headliner times vary by show; let the game vary them.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"timeline.opener_set_minutes":{"value":40,"low":30,"high":45,"unit":"minutes","basis":"estimate","label":"Opener set length","source":"No source found; reasoned estimate","url":"","note":"No source located. Reasoned estimate for a club bill with one or two openers of 30 to 45 minutes each, ending before a roughly 9 pm headliner.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"timeline.changeover_minutes":{"value":25,"low":15,"high":30,"unit":"minutes","basis":"estimate","label":"Changeover between opener and headliner","source":"Ticket Fairy: Multiple Stage Coordination and Changeovers at Festivals","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/blog/multiple-stage-coordination-and-changeovers-at-festivals","note":"Festival examples run 5 minutes (twin stages) to 30 minutes (local fair). Club changeovers with backline swaps are slower. This is the bar's best selling window.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"timeline.headliner_set_minutes":{"value":80,"low":60,"high":100,"unit":"minutes","basis":"estimate","label":"Headliner set length","source":"No source found; reasoned estimate","url":"","note":"No source located. Reasoned estimate: 60 to 100 minutes fits an 11 pm curfew. The bar earns little while the set plays unless patrons can reach it.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"timeline.curfew_hour_24":{"value":23,"low":22.5,"high":24,"unit":"hour of day (24-hour clock)","basis":"estimate","label":"Typical curfew or last-song time","source":"Ticket Fairy: Festival Egress at Scale (curfews often 10:30 or 11:00 pm)","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/blog/festival-egress-at-scale-modeling-the-1105-p-m-crunch.md","note":"Festival guidance cites 10:30 or 11:00 pm curfews. A Toronto late-night club runs its bar window to about 1 am. Set per show in the game.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"egress.clear_time_minutes":{"value":15,"low":8,"high":30,"unit":"minutes","basis":"estimate","label":"Door time to empty the room after the last song (routine exit)","source":"Derived: a report of a 17,129-person arena show clearing in 28 minutes (NBC DFW, Frisco Ford Center), scaled down to a club; no club measurement was found","url":"https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/frisco-addresses-overcrowding-concerns-at-the-ford-center/253587/?amp=1","note":"No club measurement found. A 17,129-person arena show cleared the building in 28 minutes, lots in 40. Derived for a 1,000-cap room through two doors: about 13 minutes. The game compares this with door time (how long the busiest exit is kept busy), not with the time the last guest gets out, which also counts the coat, restroom, merch and bar lines after the show.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"egress.door_flow_per_36in_door_per_min":{"value":40,"low":40,"high":75,"unit":"persons per minute","basis":"industry","label":"People per minute through one open 36-inch door","source":"Entertaining Safety: venue capacity, crowd density and throughput for live events","url":"https://entertainingsafety.com/venue-capacity-crowd-density-throughput-live-events","note":"A vendor rule of thumb for a 36 in door; the physics (82 per metre per minute less an edge layer) gives 40 to 50. The game scales it by opening width.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"egress.corridor_flow_per_ft_per_min":{"value":25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons per minute per foot of width","basis":"research","label":"Dense-crowd flow per foot of clear corridor width","source":"Entertaining Safety, citing Fruin (1993); stairs about 16 per minute per foot","url":"https://entertainingsafety.com/venue-capacity-crowd-density-throughput-live-events","note":"Secondary citation of Fruin 1993, not checked against the original. A 6 ft hallway passes about 150 people per minute.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"egress.capacity_factor_doors_in_per_person":{"value":0.2,"low":0.15,"high":0.2,"unit":"inches of width per occupant","basis":"code","label":"Egress width required for doors and other components","source":"Data Driven AEC: IBC exit requirements (2024 IBC, Section 1005.3, unamended)","url":"https://datadrivenaec.com/insights/ibc-exit-requirements","note":"0.2 base, 0.15 if sprinklered with voice alarm; stairs 0.3 or 0.2. A 1,000-person room needs 200 in of door width at 0.2. 2018 and 2021 text not opened.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"egress.min_exits_501_to_1000":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"exits","basis":"code","label":"Minimum number of exits for 501 to 1,000 occupants","source":"Data Driven AEC: IBC exit requirements (2024 IBC, Table 1006.3.3)","url":"https://datadrivenaec.com/insights/ibc-exit-requirements","note":"Two exits for 1 to 500 occupants, three for 501 to 1,000, four above 1,000. Verify against the edition Metro Codes enforces.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"occupancy.sqft_per_person_standing":{"value":7,"low":5,"high":7,"unit":"net square feet per person","basis":"code","label":"IBC occupant load factor for standing space","source":"Data Driven AEC: IBC exit requirements (2024 IBC, Table 1004.5)","url":"https://datadrivenaec.com/insights/ibc-exit-requirements","note":"The same factor as the standing-room allowance (a duplicate kept so nothing breaks).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"code.nashville_building_edition":{"value":2024,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"I-Codes edition year","basis":"code","label":"Building code edition Metro Nashville enforces","source":"Metro Nashville Codes: Metro adopts 2024 International Building Codes (BL2025-898)","url":"https://www.nashville.gov/departments/codes/news/metro-adopts-2024-international-building-codes","note":"Effective July 16, 2025 for plans filed on or after that date; 2018 projects got a 180-day grace period. Tennessee State Fire Marshal currently adopts IBC and IFC 2021.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"code.nashville_fire_edition":{"value":2024,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"edition year (IFC and NFPA 101)","basis":"code","label":"Fire code editions Nashville Fire Department lists","source":"Nashville Fire Department: code editions","url":"https://Nashville.gov/departments/fire/fire-marshal-office/code-editions","note":"Page lists 2024 IFC and 2024 NFPA 101 with local amendments in Metro Code 10.64. A search excerpt suggested 2018 NFPA editions; the opened page says 2024.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"code.tn_state_ifc_ibc_edition":{"value":2021,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"edition year (IFC and IBC)","basis":"code","label":"Tennessee State Fire Marshal adopted editions","source":"Tennessee State Fire Marshal's Office: currently adopted codes","url":"https://www.tn.gov/commerce/fire/codes-enforcement/history.html","note":"IFC 2021 and IBC 2021 with amendments. NFPA 101 2021 applies only to small residential board and care. Metro Nashville may be stricter.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"queue.perceived_wait_rules":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"n/a (qualitative rules)","basis":"research","label":"Rules for how waits feel (Maister)","source":"Maister (1985), The Psychology of Waiting Lines","url":"https://davidmaister.com/articles/5/52/index.html","note":"Occupied time feels shorter; pre-service, anxious, uncertain, unexplained, unfair and solo waits feel longer; valuable service earns patience. Apply as wait-length multipliers.","confidence":"high","topic":"r2-service"},"queue.position_info_abandonment_pct":{"value":35.9,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent abandoned (apologies 66.7, music 69.4)","basis":"research","label":"Phone-queue abandonment when callers hear their queue position","source":"Munichor and Rafaeli (2007), Numbers or apologies? Journal of Applied Psychology 92(2)","url":"https://serveng.technion.ac.il/files/Lectures/Munichor-Rafaeli-JAP-TeleWaiting.pdf","note":"Field study of 123 real calls: progress information roughly halved abandonment versus music or apologies. Phone queues; analogue for posted wait times and visible line progress.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"queue.expected_wait_information_effect":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"n/a (qualitative)","basis":"research","label":"Effect of telling people the expected wait","source":"Antonides, Verhoef and van Aalst (2002), Consumer perception and evaluation of waiting time, J. Consumer Psychology 12(3)","url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/consumer-perception-and-evaluation-of-waiting-time-a-field-experi/","note":"Phone field experiments: people overestimated waits; stating the expected wait cut the overestimate but made a long-feeling wait hurt satisfaction more. Post honest times, then beat them.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"queue.wait_overestimate_pct":{"value":36,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent","basis":"research","label":"Typical overestimate of time waited in line","source":"CustomerThink: why you wait in line (attributes the figure to Richard Larson, MIT)","url":"https://customerthink.com/if-you-ever-wondered-why-you-wait-line-and-why-you-hate-it-cx/","note":"Secondary claim, no primary cited; another source credits Hornik 1984. I could not open either primary paper. Use sparingly as a perception multiplier.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"queue.fairness_rule":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"n/a (qualitative)","basis":"research","label":"Fairness of the line","source":"MIT News: Richard Larson on queuing and social justice","url":"https://news.mit.edu/index%2ephp/2008/eureka-larson-tt0206","note":"Patience depends on believing the line is fair and efficient; being passed breaks it. Disney uses distraction so visitors accept 45-minute waits for a two-minute ride.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r2-service"},"queue.revenue_if_waits_removed_pct":{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of revenue","basis":"research","label":"Revenue gain if waits were eliminated (restaurant simulation)","source":"Roy, de Vries and de Koster (2018), J. Operations Management 63:59-78 (IIMA summary)","url":"https://facultynewsletter.iima.ac.in/pastideas/november2019/Worth-the-wait-How-restaurant-waiting-time-influences-customer-behavior-and-revenue%3Csup%3E1%3Csup%3E.html","note":"Single Indian restaurant simulation; longer waits raised reneging and shortened later dining. Directional support for the sell-or-annoy rule, not a bar figure.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service"},"queue.space_sqft_per_person":{"value":5,"low":3,"high":10,"unit":"square feet per person","basis":"research","label":"Floor area per person in a queue","source":"Entertaining Safety, citing Fruin (1993) density levels","url":"https://entertainingsafety.com/venue-capacity-crowd-density-throughput-live-events","note":"Fruin: 10 sq ft restricts walking, 5 is the practical corridor maximum, 3 brings contact. Drawing queues at 5 sq ft per person is the game's application of that.","confidence":"low","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"door.id_requirements_nashville_example":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"n/a (policy)","basis":"published","label":"ID rules at a Nashville club door (example)","source":"Exit/In FAQs","url":"https://www.exitin.com/faqs/","note":"Government photo ID required; shows are 18 plus unless stated; student IDs and birth certificates refused; Tennessee paper IDs accepted briefly; backpacks banned. Use for the door script.","confidence":"high","topic":"r2-service"},"stage.height_in_by_capacity":{"value":48,"low":42,"high":48,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage deck height, mid-size room (501 to 1,200 capacity)","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (1,050 standing); same pattern in Metro, Neumos, White Oak Downstairs and Brooklyn Bowl Nashville tech specs","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Neumos and Metro 42 in; Orange Peel, White Oak Downstairs, Brooklyn Bowl 48 in. Use 48 in default. Music Box San Diego is 54 in (capacity unpublished).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.height_in_by_capacity.small":{"value":30,"low":18,"high":36,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage deck height, small room (150 to 500 capacity)","source":"The Basement East tech specs; also Cafe du Nord, Subterranean, Beat Kitchen, Hi-Dive and 40 Watt specs","url":"https://www.thebasementnashville.com/basement-east/tech-specs/","note":"Median 30 in over nine small rooms (mode 36). The ceiling is the real limit.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.height_in_by_capacity.large":{"value":48,"low":46,"high":60,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage deck height, large room (1,201 to 3,000 capacity)","source":"Ryman Auditorium tech packet; Orpheum Theatre Memphis tech summary; Rancho Aparte tech rider","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"Three rooms (Ryman 48, Crystal Ballroom 46, Mill City Nights 60).","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.ceiling_clearance_above_deck_ft":{"value":9.5,"low":7,"high":19,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Clear height above the stage deck to sprinklers, ceiling or truss","source":"40 Watt Club technical specifications; also Cafe du Nord and Brooklyn Bowl Nashville specs","url":"https://www.40watt.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/40-Watt-Club-Tech-Specs.pdf","note":"40 Watt: 9.5 ft deck to sprinklers on a 3 ft stage. Brooklyn Bowl: 19 ft deck to truss. Cafe du Nord lists 7 ft under its rig (datum unstated).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.area_share_of_room_max":{"value":0.2,"low":null,"high":0.2,"unit":"fraction of room area","basis":"industry","label":"Stage footprint as a share of room area, rental-industry ceiling","source":"What Size Stage Should You Hire? Tips for Event Success (EMS Events, Nov 2025)","url":"https://www.ems-events.co.uk/what-size-stage-to-hire-for-your-event","note":"UK event-hire firm: a stage should rarely exceed about one-fifth of total room area. Rule of thumb for hired stages, not a venue standard.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.dims_ft_by_capacity":{"value":32,"low":30,"high":38,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage width, mid-size room (501 to 1,200 capacity), feet","source":"The Orange Peel tech info; Metro, Neumos, White Oak, Brooklyn Bowl Nashville tech specs","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Metro 30x17, Neumos 32x16.5, White Oak Downstairs 32x22, Orange Peel 36x28, Brooklyn Bowl 38x21 plus 7 ft wings each side. Median width 32 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.depth_ft_by_capacity":{"value":21,"low":16.5,"high":28,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage depth, mid-size room (501 to 1,200 capacity), feet","source":"Same five mid-size tech specs (Orange Peel, Metro, Neumos, White Oak, Brooklyn Bowl Nashville)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Median depth 21 ft. Neumos (16.5) and Metro (17) are shallow; Orange Peel (28) is deep with a proscenium.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.width_ft.small":{"value":22,"low":16,"high":30,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage width, small room (150 to 500 capacity), feet","source":"The Basement East tech specs; also Hi-Dive, Cafe du Nord, Beat Kitchen, 40 Watt, Subterranean, Bourbon Street Blues and Boogie Bar (ProSoundWeb)","url":"https://www.thebasementnashville.com/basement-east/tech-specs/","note":"Hi-Dive 16, Cafe du Nord 20, Beat Kitchen 20, 40 Watt 22, Bourbon Street 25, Basement East 30, Subterranean 30. Median 22 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.depth_ft.small":{"value":15,"low":12,"high":18,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage depth, small room (150 to 500 capacity), feet","source":"Same seven small-room tech specs","url":"https://www.thebasementnashville.com/basement-east/tech-specs/","note":"Cafe du Nord 12, Subterranean 14, Beat Kitchen 14, Bourbon Street 15, Basement East 16, Hi-Dive 16, 40 Watt 18. Median 15 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.width_ft.large":{"value":41,"low":41,"high":61,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage width, large room (1,201 to 3,000 capacity), feet","source":"Terminal 5 Debuts With Superior Sight Lines (BizBash, 2007); Ryman tech packet","url":"https://www.bizbash.com/event-venues/terminal-5-debuts-with-superior-sight-lines","note":"Terminal 5 (3,000 cap): 41x30 ft stage, 2007 article. Ryman proscenium 60.7 ft wide. Orpheum Memphis is 106 ft wall to wall (seated hall).","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.depth_ft.large":{"value":30,"low":30,"high":51,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage depth, large room (1,201 to 3,000 capacity), feet","source":"Terminal 5 Debuts With Superior Sight Lines (BizBash, 2007); Ryman and Orpheum Memphis tech specs","url":"https://www.bizbash.com/event-venues/terminal-5-debuts-with-superior-sight-lines","note":"Terminal 5 30 ft; Ryman 35 ft to back wall; Orpheum Memphis 51 ft 4 in. Only three large rooms with opened dimensions.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.min_five_piece.width_ft":{"value":20,"low":16,"high":24,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Smallest workable stage width for a touring five-piece","source":"Cafe du Nord tech specs; White Oak Music Hall tech specs; One Of A Kind Events stage sizing guide","url":"https://cafedunord.com/tech-specs/","note":"Smallest working stages found, not a requirement.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.min_five_piece.depth_ft":{"value":12,"low":12,"high":16,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Smallest workable stage depth for a touring five-piece","source":"Cafe du Nord tech specs; EMS Events stage guide; One Of A Kind Events stage sizing guide","url":"https://cafedunord.com/tech-specs/","note":"Smallest working stages found, not a requirement.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.drum_riser_footprint_sqft":{"value":48,"low":32,"high":64,"unit":"square feet","basis":"published","label":"House drum riser footprint","source":"Metro Chicago venue specs; Motorco, Music Box San Diego and Brooklyn Bowl Nashville tech specs","url":"https://metrochicago.com/?p=1119","note":"Metro 6x8 or 8x8; Motorco 6x8; Music Box 6x8 or 8x8; Brooklyn Bowl 4x8 wheeled decks. A 6 ft deep riser leaves about 6 ft of Motorco stage in front.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.drum_riser_height_in":{"value":12,"low":9,"high":24,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"House drum riser height","source":"Music Box San Diego tech specs; Motorco, Brooklyn Bowl Nashville and Metro specs","url":"https://musicboxsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/MBX-TECH-SPECS-Updated-122021.pdf","note":"Music Box and Brooklyn Bowl 12 in legs; Motorco 12-24 in; Metro 9, 17, 23 or 41 in. A large-show rider asks for a 1 m (39 in) percussion platform.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.rake_slope_and_riser_heights":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":8.33,"unit":"percent slope","basis":"code","label":"Steepest floor slope that is still a plain walking surface, percent (high = ramp limit)","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 4 (403.3 walking surfaces, 405.2 ramps), US Access Board","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/","note":"Up to 1:20 (5%) is a walking surface. Steeper up to 1:12 (8.33%) is a ramp with landings and handrails. Steeper must be steps. No club rake standard found.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.ramp_max_slope_percent":{"value":8.33,"low":null,"high":12.5,"unit":"percent slope","basis":"code","label":"Maximum ramp running slope when a ramp is needed (1:12); high = existing-building exception","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 4, section 405.2 and Table 405.2","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/","note":"New work: 1:12 max. Existing buildings only: 1:10 if rise is 6 in or less, 1:8 if rise is 3 in or less. Steeper than 1:8 is prohibited.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.ramp_max_rise_per_run_in":{"value":30,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"code","label":"Maximum rise of one ramp run","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 4, section 405.6","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/","note":"More rise needs a landing and a second run. A 36 in stage needs two runs and a landing, about 41 ft of ramp.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.ramp_landing_min_length_in":{"value":60,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"code","label":"Minimum ramp landing length at top and bottom of each run","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 4, section 405.7","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/","note":"Landing at least 60 in long and as wide as the ramp; 60x60 in where the ramp changes direction.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.ramp_min_clear_width_in":{"value":36,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"code","label":"Minimum clear width of a ramp run","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 4, sections 405.5 and 405.8","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/","note":"36 in clear between handrails. Handrails are required once a run rises more than 6 in. Edge protection or a 12 in extended surface on each side.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.level_change_max_without_ramp_in":{"value":0.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"code","label":"Largest level change that needs no ramp on an accessible route","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 3, section 303","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch03/","note":"Up to 1/4 in is free, 1/4 to 1/2 in must be beveled, anything taller on an accessible route must be ramped (303.4).","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.ibc_ramp_threshold_slope_percent":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent slope","basis":"code","label":"Egress slope above which the building code treats a floor as a ramp","source":"2024 IBC Chapter 10, section 1003.5, GSA Building Code 2024 copy on UpCodes","url":"https://up.codes/viewer/general-services-administration/ibc-2024/chapter/10/means-of-egress","note":"Elevation changes under 12 in use sloped surfaces; steeper than 1:20 must be a ramp meeting Section 1012. Nashville adopted the 2024 I-Codes; its local amendments not checked.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.max_standing_slope_deg":{"value":25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"degrees","basis":"published","label":"Maximum slope of a standing terrace (football grounds guidance)","source":"Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds, 5th edition (2008), sections 13.8 and 13.11","url":"https://www.jesip.org.uk/uploads/media/incident_reports_and_inquiries/Guide%20to%20Safety%20at%20Sports%20Grounds.pdf","note":"Slopes above 25 degrees on standing terraces are hazardous; the seating maximum is 34 degrees. Stadium terraces, not music rooms; use as an upper bound.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.terrace_riser_height_in":{"value":6.7,"low":3,"high":6.7,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Maximum riser on new standing terraces (min 3.0 in)","source":"Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds, 5th edition (2008), section 13.9","url":"https://www.jesip.org.uk/uploads/media/incident_reports_and_inquiries/Guide%20to%20Safety%20at%20Sports%20Grounds.pdf","note":"New terraces: riser 75-170 mm, set by the sightline calculation. Football terrace dimension, not a music-room tier standard.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.terrace_tread_depth_in":{"value":15,"low":13.8,"high":15.7,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Tread depth on new standing terraces","source":"Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds, 5th edition (2008), section 13.9","url":"https://www.jesip.org.uk/uploads/media/incident_reports_and_inquiries/Guide%20to%20Safety%20at%20Sports%20Grounds.pdf","note":"Tread 350-400 mm for football standing. A music-room tier holding a full standing row needs about 24 in per row (derived from 2 ft spacing).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.rake_equivalent_stage_gain_in":{"value":18,"low":0,"high":30,"unit":"inches","basis":"estimate","label":"Extra effective stage height from a rake (inches) = slope x distance where the rake starts; example 1:20 starting 30 ft out","source":"Derived from the C-value formula in Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds, 5th edition, Diagram 12.1","url":"https://www.jesip.org.uk/uploads/media/incident_reports_and_inquiries/Guide%20to%20Safety%20at%20Sports%20Grounds.pdf","note":"Derived: a straight rake starting at the stage lip gains nothing over flat. One starting 30 ft out gains slope x 360 in: 18 in at 1:20.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.example.mission_ballroom_tiered_seats":{"value":2000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seats","basis":"industry","label":"Tiered seats beside the open floor, Mission Ballroom Denver","source":"An Inside Look at Mission Ballroom, Denver's Newest Music Venue (5280, July 2019)","url":"https://5280.com/2019/07/an-inside-look-at-mission-ballroom-denvers-newest-music-venue/","note":"About 2,000 tiered seats flank an open dance floor. The architect tested each vantage point with a computer model. Tier geometry not published.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.example.the_anthem_balcony_seat_rows":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"rows","basis":"industry","label":"Fixed seat rows at the front of each balcony, with tiered standing behind, The Anthem DC","source":"A Capitol Anthem (Lighting&Sound America, March 2018)","url":"https://wsdg.com/wp-content/uploads/Anthem-LSA-March-2018.pdf","note":"Shallow, steeply raked balconies: two seat rows then tiered standing that toggles to seats. The main floor is flat general admission. No slope numbers given.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"floor.example.the_brick_tiered_platform":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"head heights per tier (qualitative)","basis":"industry","label":"Second-level tiered platform that keeps each guest one head above the person ahead, The Brick/Mill City Nights","source":"After A Bad Showing With The Brick, Club Changes Name, Stage (WCCO CBS Minnesota, July 23 2012)","url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/after-a-bad-showing-with-the-brick-club-changes-name-stage/","note":"General manager described a stadium-style platform where each viewer stands one head above the person in front. No riser height given.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.c_value_and_clearance":{"value":90,"low":60,"high":120,"unit":"mm","basis":"published","label":"Sightline clearance C-value, recommended minimum (mm); low = absolute minimum, high = optimum","source":"Sightline (architecture), Wikipedia, citing FIFA stadium standards; C-value definition checked in Green Guide 5th ed. section 12.3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sightline_(architecture)","note":"No published standard for music rooms; the game computes clearance from head geometry. Stadium practice shows 3.5 to 4.7 in.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"sight.c_value_standing_check_interval_rows":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"rows","basis":"published","label":"For standing viewers, check C-values every Nth row or tread","source":"Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds, 5th edition, section 13.11; FIFA Football Stadiums Guidelines 5.2","url":"https://www.jesip.org.uk/uploads/media/incident_reports_and_inquiries/Guide%20to%20Safety%20at%20Sports%20Grounds.pdf","note":"Standing people shift position more than seated people, so C-values are checked every second tread. FIFA also says to design for seated first, then review standing.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.eye_to_head_top_in":{"value":4.1,"low":4,"high":4.2,"unit":"inches","basis":"research","label":"Distance from the eye to the top of the head, standing adult","source":"Anthropometric Guidelines (DENIX), table from NASA Anthropometric Source Book (1978)","url":"https://www.denix.osd.mil/ergo-wg/denix-files/sites/58/2016/04/AnthropometricGuidelines.doc","note":"Stature minus standing eye height: men 4.0, women 4.2 in (102-107 mm). A sightline must pass this far above the eye ahead to clear the head; 120 mm just does.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.eye_and_head_heights":{"value":62.1,"low":56.8,"high":67.8,"unit":"inches","basis":"research","label":"Standing eye height, mixed adults (inches), 5th-95th percentile","source":"Anthropometric Guidelines (DENIX), table from NASA Anthropometric Source Book (1978)","url":"https://www.denix.osd.mil/ergo-wg/denix-files/sites/58/2016/04/AnthropometricGuidelines.doc","note":"Men 64.7, women 59.6 (units inferred inches). Pairing 5th-percentile women with 95th-percentile men widens the tails to about 54.8-69.8 in (derived with NHANES).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.stature_in.women":{"value":63.5,"low":59,"high":67.9,"unit":"inches","basis":"research","label":"Head-top height (stature), US adult women 20+","source":"Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: United States, 2015-2018, NCHS Series 3 No. 46, Table 10","url":"https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/100478/cdc_100478_DS1.pdf","note":"Mean 63.5 in, 5th percentile 59.0, 95th 67.9 (n=5,510). Measured stature; add hair, shoes and hats in play.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.stature_in.men":{"value":69,"low":64.1,"high":73.8,"unit":"inches","basis":"research","label":"Head-top height (stature), US adult men 20+","source":"Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: United States, 2015-2018, NCHS Series 3 No. 46, Table 12","url":"https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/100478/cdc_100478_DS1.pdf","note":"Mean 69.0 in, 5th percentile 64.1, 95th 73.8 (n=5,092). Combined adult mean about 66.2 in matches the NASA median.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.seated_eye_above_seat_in":{"value":29.9,"low":27.4,"high":32.8,"unit":"inches","basis":"research","label":"Seated eye height above the seat, mixed adults","source":"Anthropometric Guidelines (DENIX), table from NASA Anthropometric Source Book (1978)","url":"https://www.denix.osd.mil/ergo-wg/denix-files/sites/58/2016/04/AnthropometricGuidelines.doc","note":"Men 31.0, women 29.0 in. Add the seat height to get eye height above the floor.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.sitting_height_above_seat_in":{"value":34.6,"low":32,"high":37.4,"unit":"inches","basis":"research","label":"Top of head above the seat, sitting erect, mixed adults","source":"Anthropometric Guidelines (DENIX), table from NASA Anthropometric Source Book (1978)","url":"https://www.denix.osd.mil/ergo-wg/denix-files/sites/58/2016/04/AnthropometricGuidelines.doc","note":"Men 34.1, women 32.2 in. Use for seated audience head tops and for a seated drummer (add stool height).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.seated_eye_height_from_floor_in":{"value":48,"low":46,"high":50,"unit":"inches","basis":"estimate","label":"Seated eye height above the floor (seat height plus seated eye height)","source":"Derived: ADA bench seat range 17-19 in (2010 ADA Standards Chapter 8 advisory) plus seated eye 29-31 in (NASA table)","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch08/","note":"Seat height 17-19 in plus seated eye height 29-31 in. The seat range is an ADA dressing-room bench figure used as a proxy for chairs.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.performer_target_head_in":{"value":66.2,"low":60.8,"high":72,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Performer target: head-top of a standing performer above the deck (minimum visible point)","source":"Determining Vertical Stage Size (Doug Matthews, 2015); stature range from NASA table via DENIX","url":"https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/13403892-determining-vertical-stage-size","note":"Practitioner method takes the head-top of an average person at the downstage edge as the minimum target. Median stature 66.2 in, range 60.8-72.0.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.performer_target_torso_in":{"value":48,"low":44,"high":52,"unit":"inches","basis":"estimate","label":"Performer target: chest height above the deck, a better view than head-top only","source":"Derived from stature in Anthropometric Guidelines (DENIX); chest ratio not verified in an opened source","url":"https://www.denix.osd.mil/ergo-wg/denix-files/sites/58/2016/04/AnthropometricGuidelines.doc","note":"Estimate: chest height about 0.72 x 66 in. The 0.72 body-proportion ratio is recalled from standard references, not opened; verify before relying on it.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.performer_target_dance_feet_in":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches above deck","basis":"industry","label":"Dance or floor-work shows: sightline target is the performers' feet at deck level","source":"Sight Lines, Irwin Seating auditorium design guide","url":"https://irwinseating.com/resources/auditorium-design/seating-configurations/sight-lines","note":"Seating maker says dance needs a clear view of the feet, worship needs head and shoulders, film the whole screen. The target sets how high the stage must be.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.drummer_head_above_riser_in":{"value":54,"low":53,"high":59,"unit":"inches","basis":"estimate","label":"Seated drummer's head-top above the riser deck","source":"Derived: sitting height 34.6 in (DENIX NASA table) plus assumed 18-24 in drum throne","url":"https://www.denix.osd.mil/ergo-wg/denix-files/sites/58/2016/04/AnthropometricGuidelines.doc","note":"Sitting height plus an assumed 18-24 in throne (the throne height is an assumption, not sourced). Add the riser height, 12-24 in typical.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"sight.stage_height_needed_in_at_25ft":{"value":36,"low":21,"high":36,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Stage height needed on a flat floor for head-tops to be visible 25 ft back","source":"Determining Vertical Stage Size (Doug Matthews, 2015); checked with the game's own geometry","url":"https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/13403892-determining-vertical-stage-size","note":"Crowd at 2 ft spacing, viewers see over heads two rows (4 ft) ahead, target head-top at stage edge: 3 ft at 25 ft. The game's own geometry gives about 21 in.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"sight.stage_height_needed_in_at_50ft":{"value":48,"low":46,"high":48,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Stage height needed on a flat floor for head-tops to be visible 50 ft back","source":"Determining Vertical Stage Size (Doug Matthews, 2015); checked with the game's own geometry","url":"https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/13403892-determining-vertical-stage-size","note":"4 ft at 50 ft; the game's own geometry gives 46 in. If viewers only clear one row (2 ft) ahead the same view needs about 8 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"sight.stage_height_needed_in_at_100ft":{"value":96,"low":96,"high":96,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Stage height needed on a flat floor for head-tops to be visible 100 ft back","source":"Determining Vertical Stage Size (Doug Matthews, 2015); checked with the game's own geometry","url":"https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/13403892-determining-vertical-stage-size","note":"At least 8 ft at 100 ft, and the game's own geometry agrees. Impractical, so deep rooms need rake, risers, balconies or video screens.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"sight.flat_floor_max_depth_ft":{"value":50,"low":35,"high":50,"unit":"feet","basis":"estimate","label":"Depth of flat standing floor where a 4 ft stage still shows head-tops (torso target in low)","source":"Derived from Doug Matthews method and NASA anthropometry (DENIX)","url":"https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/13403892-determining-vertical-stage-size","note":"Derived: 4 ft stage, 2 ft crowd spacing, view over heads two rows ahead. Head-tops visible to about 50 ft, torsos (50 in above deck) only to about 35 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.standing_row_spacing_ft":{"value":2.2,"low":2,"high":2.4,"unit":"feet","basis":"code","label":"Front-to-back spacing of a packed standing crowd","source":"2018 IBC Table 1004.5 (UpCodes Idaho copy); Doug Matthews assumes 2 ft; Green Guide cites 0.5 m2 per person for outdoor music","url":"https://up.codes/viewer/idaho/ibc-2018/chapter/10/means-of-egress","note":"5 sq ft per standing person is a 2.24 ft square; Matthews assumes 2 ft; the Green Guide's 0.5 m2 is 2.3 ft. Use about 2.2 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.max_viewing_distance_and_angle":{"value":80,"low":60,"high":120,"unit":"feet","basis":"industry","label":"Distance at which facial expression stays readable in drama houses (ft)","source":"How Far Is Too Far? (Robert Shook, American Society of Theatre Consultants, 2015)","url":"https://theatreconsultants.org/how-far-is-too-far/","note":"Faces fade past 60-70 ft (Mielziner); recommended maximum seat distance 80 ft (Izenour, Hagler), musicals and opera 100-120 ft. Amplified shows with screens are not covered.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.max_distance_musical_opera_ft":{"value":110,"low":100,"high":120,"unit":"feet","basis":"industry","label":"Maximum recommended seat distance for musicals and opera","source":"How Far Is Too Far? (Robert Shook, ASTC, 2015)","url":"https://theatreconsultants.org/how-far-is-too-far/","note":"Izenour and Long 120 ft; Read 100 ft. Broad gestures carry farther than faces.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.max_distance_large_room_ft":{"value":115,"low":115,"high":130,"unit":"feet","basis":"industry","label":"Farthest viewer from stage in a large room (ft)","source":"How Far Is Too Far? (ASTC, 2015, Lustig 115 ft up to 3,000 seats); A Capitol Anthem (Lighting&Sound America, 2018)","url":"https://theatreconsultants.org/how-far-is-too-far/","note":"Lustig: 115 ft for houses up to 3,000 seats. The Anthem's acoustician says nobody is more than 130 ft from the stage at 6,000 capacity.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.toyama_eye_movement_distance_ft":{"value":104,"low":104,"high":113,"unit":"feet","basis":"research","label":"Greatest distance at which eye movement could be read (Toyama tests)","source":"How Far Is Too Far? (ASTC, 2015) reporting Toyama experiments 1964-1977, published 1984","url":"https://theatreconsultants.org/how-far-is-too-far/","note":"Average maximum about 104 ft at 500 lux and 113 ft at 1,000 lux of stage light. Brighter light extends the range.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.viewing_angle_deg":{"value":30,"low":30,"high":60,"unit":"degrees","basis":"published","label":"Horizontal angle off the stage axis for a comfortable view (30 = no head turn, 60 = slight head movement)","source":"Auditorium design slides summarizing Neufert, Architects' Data (SlideShare)","url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/auditoriumpptx/257199656","note":"Neufert via student slides: within 30 degrees needs no head movement, to 60 slight movement. Secondary source; no club side-angle rule found.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.first_row_distance_ft":{"value":3,"low":3,"high":8,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Distance from the stage lip to the front barricade","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville production tech pack (9.4.25); Barricade glossary (Day Sheets)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Three feet rests on one room; general guidance is 6 to 8 ft.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"sight.barricade_height_in":{"value":47,"low":47,"high":47,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Front-of-stage barricade section height","source":"Mojo Barriers aluminium straight section; HSE Stage barriers guidance","url":"https://mojobarriers.com/products/aluminium-barriers/straight-section/","note":"Mojo section is 1.20 m high; the UK HSE says sections are about 1.2 m high and 1 m wide. A barricade blocks lower sightlines for seated or short viewers.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.barricade_depth_ft":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Barricade footprint depth (floor plate and rear braces)","source":"Mojo Barriers aluminium straight section","url":"https://mojobarriers.com/products/aluminium-barriers/straight-section/","note":"Not found. Mojo's page mentions a floor plate with rear braces but gives no depth; HSE gives none. Ask a barricade supplier for the spec sheet.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.position_rule":{"value":0.6,"low":0.5,"high":0.67,"unit":"fraction of depth from stage","basis":"industry","label":"FOH mix position as a fraction of stage-to-rear distance","source":"Front-of-House (FOH) and Control Center Setup for Festivals (Ticket Fairy promoter blog, 2025)","url":"https://www.ticketfairy.com/blog/front-of-house-foh-and-control-center-setup-for-festivals.md","note":"Promoter rule of thumb: about 60 percent of the way back, not a club standard.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"foh.distance_ft.club_mid":{"value":45,"low":25,"high":50,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"FOH distance from the stage, clubs and mid-size rooms","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (45 ft, center, no obstructions); Metro Chicago venue specs (25 ft); The Independent sound specs (about 50 ft)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Orange Peel 45 ft center, Metro 25 ft center, The Independent about 50 ft to the downstage edge. Room depths are not published, so fractions are unverified.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.distance_ft.large_seated":{"value":88,"low":82,"high":88,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"FOH distance from the stage, large seated hall","source":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis technical summary; Rancho Aparte technical rider","url":"https://www.orpheum-memphis.com/technical-specs/orpheum-theatre","note":"Orpheum Memphis mix position is about 88 ft from downstage center (2,300-seat hall). A large-show rider asks for about 25 m (82 ft) from the stage.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.footprint_sqft":{"value":135,"low":30,"high":256,"unit":"square feet","basis":"published","label":"FOH mix position footprint","source":"The Independent sound specs; Motorco tech spec; Orpheum Memphis summary; Ticket Fairy FOH guide","url":"https://www.theindependentsf.com/tech-specs/sound/","note":"Independent crow's nest 15x9 ft (135); Motorco house booth 6x5 ft (30); Orpheum 19 ft 7 in x 9 ft shared with lights (176); festival guide 16x16 ft (256).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.riser_height_in":{"value":8,"low":0,"high":108,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"FOH platform height above the floor","source":"Motorco tech packet 2021 (8 in rolling riser); The Independent sound specs (9 ft); Parni Valjak sound rider 2025 (floor level)","url":"https://motorcomusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/motorco-2021-tech-spec.pdf","note":"Motorco's rolling booth is about 8 in high with a guardrail; The Independent's crow's nest is 9 ft up; one rider wants floor level. Height changes sightline shadow.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.elevated_booth_height_ft":{"value":9,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Height of an elevated FOH crow's nest above the main floor","source":"The Independent (San Francisco) sound tech specs; Cannery rooms upgrade article (FOH Online, 2019) for The High Watt","url":"https://www.theindependentsf.com/tech-specs/sound/","note":"The Independent's 15x9 ft mix nest is 9 ft above the floor, about 50 ft from stage; The High Watt also uses one. Above head height keeps views clear (inference).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.under_balcony_allowed":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"flag","basis":"industry","label":"Is an under-balcony mix position acceptable to touring riders (1 yes, 0 no)","source":"Parni Valjak Sound Rider (Feb 2025); Rancho Aparte technical rider","url":"https://www.pregrada.hr/sites/default/files/Prilog%203.%20Sound%20rider.pdf","note":"Parni Valjak rider bars the mix position from under a balcony in closed venues; Rancho Aparte rider bars balconies. Two riders from bigger productions.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.barricade_security_staff":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"persons","basis":"industry","label":"Staff inside a fenced floor-level mix area","source":"Parni Valjak Sound Rider (Feb 2025)","url":"https://www.pregrada.hr/sites/default/files/Prilog%203.%20Sound%20rider.pdf","note":"Rider wants the mix position on the floor, centered, fenced with a barrier and at least one security person inside. Engineer working clearance not given.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.capacity_loss_persons":{"value":27,"low":6,"high":51,"unit":"persons","basis":"estimate","label":"Paper capacity lost to the FOH footprint (persons)","source":"Derived: FOH footprint divided by 5 sq ft per standing person (2018 IBC Table 1004.5, UpCodes Idaho copy)","url":"https://up.codes/viewer/idaho/ibc-2018/chapter/10/means-of-egress","note":"30 sq ft booth = 6 people, 135 = 27, 256 = 51. Motorco says its FOH position A cannot be used at sell-outs. An elevated nest costs less floor.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"foh.desk_sight_blocking":{"value":15,"low":9,"high":28,"unit":"feet","basis":"estimate","label":"Floor length behind a FOH booth that loses the view of performers' head-tops","source":"Derived geometry from anthropometry in Anthropometric Guidelines (DENIX) and the Matthews method","url":"https://www.denix.osd.mil/ergo-wg/denix-files/sites/58/2016/04/AnthropometricGuidelines.doc","note":"Derived (flat floor, 36-48 in stage, 6x5 ft booth on 8 in riser, standing engineer): shade runs 9-28 ft behind it. A 24 in riser stretches it past 35 ft.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"column.typical_spacing_and_size":{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"code","label":"Minimum heavy-timber column size carrying floors (nominal inches), typical of mill and warehouse conversions. The bay spacing is in the row for typical structural bays","source":"2018 IBC Table 2304.11 heavy timber minimum dimensions (UpCodes Idaho copy, adopted with amendments)","url":"https://up.codes/viewer/idaho/ibc-2018/chapter/23/wood","note":"Solid-sawn columns carrying floors are at least 8x8 in. Real mill columns are often larger. Steel and concrete column sizes not found.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"column.bay_spacing_ft":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"estimate","label":"Typical structural bay span in renovated club and theater buildings","source":"Not found: no opened source gives bay spans (web search budget ran out)","url":"","note":"Not found. Any game value is an unsourced assumption (the game's placeholder is 20 ft, range 15-30); label it as an assumption in the UI.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"column.example.cafe_du_nord":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"rows of columns","basis":"published","label":"Rows of columns dividing the room, Cafe du Nord (320 standing)","source":"Cafe du Nord tech specs","url":"https://cafedunord.com/tech-specs/","note":"A row of square, paneled columns runs through and divides the room. The page gives no column size or spacing.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"column.example.mission_ballroom":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"columns (reported few or none)","basis":"published","label":"Columns on the floor, purpose-built Mission Ballroom (reported few or none)","source":"Mission Ballroom (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Ballroom","note":"Bowl layout with few or no columns, tiered sightlines named as a design goal. A new build can avoid columns; no dimensions given.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"column.design_use.anthem_restroom_screen":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"flag","basis":"industry","label":"Columns used deliberately as sight screens, The Anthem DC (1 = yes)","source":"A Capitol Anthem (Lighting&Sound America, March 2018)","url":"https://wsdg.com/wp-content/uploads/Anthem-LSA-March-2018.pdf","note":"Restrooms sit off to the side, hidden behind columns so performers cannot see guests leaving mid-show. Bars sit under the balconies.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"bar.height_and_sight":{"value":42,"low":40,"high":42,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Bar-top height (bar-height tops; counter height is 34-36 in)","source":"What Height Bar Stool Do I Need? (Plank & Beam); Bar Stool Dimensions (Pop Maison)","url":"https://plankandbeam.com/blogs/home-inspiration-information/what-height-bar-stool-do-i-need","note":"Bar-height tops run 40-42 in. Standing eye height is about 55-70 in, so the bar top itself does not block views; the crowd around it does.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"bar.stool_seat_height_in":{"value":30,"low":28,"high":32,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Bar stool seat height","source":"What Height Bar Stool Do I Need? (Plank & Beam)","url":"https://plankandbeam.com/blogs/home-inspiration-information/what-height-bar-stool-do-i-need","note":"28-32 in seats with 10-12 in of leg room under the bar. A seated guest's eye is about 55-65 in up, above the bar top.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"bar.ada_accessible_height_in":{"value":34,"low":28,"high":34,"unit":"inches","basis":"code","label":"Maximum height of the accessible bar or counter section (min 28 in for dining surfaces)","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 9, sections 902.3 and 904.4, US Access Board","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch09/","note":"Dining surfaces, including bars, 28-34 in high. A service counter needs a stretch 36 in long (30 in forward approach) no higher than 36 in.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.complaint_rule":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent","basis":"industry","label":"Published rule linking blocked sightlines to complaints, refunds or repeat attendance","source":"After A Bad Showing With The Brick, Club Changes Name, Stage (WCCO CBS Minnesota, 2012)","url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/after-a-bad-showing-with-the-brick-club-changes-name-stage/","note":"No source supports 'a third cannot see, a third fewer repeat customers'. Evidence found is one case (The Brick refunds) and the Green Guide's capacity discount for restricted views.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.case.the_brick_stage_raise_in":{"value":12,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Stage raise after opening-night sightline complaints, The Brick (Minneapolis, 2012)","source":"After A Bad Showing With The Brick, Club Changes Name, Stage (WCCO CBS Minnesota, July 23 2012); Mpls. Concert Venue The Brick Renamed, Renovated (TCB, Aug 3 2012)","url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/after-a-bad-showing-with-the-brick-club-changes-name-stage/","note":"Guests could not see; every customer was refunded; stage went from 4 ft to 5 ft, a tiered upstairs platform and balcony risers were added. Removal of floor obstacles unspecified.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.case.the_brick_capacity":{"value":1200,"low":1200,"high":2000,"unit":"persons","basis":"industry","label":"Capacity at The Brick/Mill City Nights: promised before opening (high) versus after renovation (low)","source":"Mpls. Concert Venue The Brick Renamed, Renovated (Twin Cities Business, Aug 3 2012)","url":"https://tcbmag.com/mpls-concert-venue-the-brick-renamed-renovated/","note":"AEG executive said 2,000 before opening; about 1,200 after renovation. The article does not say sightlines caused the cut, so do not present it as proof.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"sight.capacity_credit.seriously_restricted_view":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction of seats counted","basis":"published","label":"Capacity credit for seats or standing areas with seriously restricted views (0 = excluded)","source":"Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds, 5th edition (2008), sections 12.7, 13.13 and 20.3","url":"https://www.jesip.org.uk/uploads/media/incident_reports_and_inquiries/Guide%20to%20Safety%20at%20Sports%20Grounds.pdf","note":"Seriously restricted seats are excluded from holding capacity; partial restrictions get a Restricted View ticket label. Areas hidden by stages are discounted. Sports grounds guidance.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"code.standing_net_sf_per_person":{"value":7,"low":5,"high":7,"unit":"square feet per person","basis":"code","label":"Code floor area per person for standing assembly space (net); high = tables and chairs","source":"2018 IBC Table 1004.5 (UpCodes Idaho copy, adopts with amendments)","url":"https://up.codes/viewer/idaho/ibc-2018/chapter/10/means-of-egress","note":"The same factor as the standing-room allowance (a duplicate).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"code.nashville_building_code_edition":{"value":2024,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"IBC edition year","basis":"code","label":"Building code edition in force in Nashville (Metro Codes)","source":"Metro Adopts 2024 International Building Codes (Metro Nashville Codes)","url":"https://www.nashville.gov/departments/codes/news/metro-adopts-2024-international-building-codes","note":"Ordinance BL2025-898 signed July 16, 2025; applies to plans filed on or after that date. Projects designed to the 2018 IBC got a 180-day grace period.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"code.tn_state_ibc_edition":{"value":2021,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"IBC edition year","basis":"code","label":"Building code edition on the Tennessee State Fire Marshal's adopted list","source":"Tennessee State Fire Marshal's Office Currently Adopted Codes","url":"https://www.tn.gov/commerce/fire/codes-enforcement/history.html","note":"IBC, IFC and IEBC 2021 editions with appendix amendments, effective 4/17/2025. Local governments such as Nashville may adopt their own editions.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"access.wheelchair_space_width_in":{"value":36,"low":33,"high":36,"unit":"inches","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair space width (33 in each when two share a space)","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 8, section 802.1, US Access Board","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch08/","note":"Single space 36 in wide; each of a pair 33 in. Depth 48 in if entered front or rear, 60 in if side-only; slope no steeper than 1:48.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"access.wheelchair_spaces_fixed_seating":{"value":11,"low":6,"high":23,"unit":"spaces","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair spaces required in fixed seating, at 1,200 seats (low = up to 500 seats, high = 3,000 seats)","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 2, section 221.2.1, US Access Board","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch02/","note":"301-500 seats need 6; 501-5,000 need 6 plus 1 per 150 seats (or fraction) above 500. Rule covers fixed seating; I did not find a standing-floor count.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"access.sightline_over_standing_required":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"flag","basis":"code","label":"Wheelchair spaces need sightlines over standing spectators where people are expected to stand (1 = required)","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 8, section 802.2.2; Chapter 2, section 221.2.3","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch08/","note":"Sightlines over or between the heads of standing spectators in the row ahead, so the position must be raised or unobstructed. Spaces must also be dispersed.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.access_ramp_run_ft_per_ft_rise":{"value":12,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet of run per foot of rise","basis":"code","label":"Ramp length per foot of stage height for an accessible route to the stage","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 4 section 405.2; Chapter 2 sections 206.2.6 and 206.7.1","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch04/","note":"Performance areas need an accessible route (206.2.6); a platform lift may serve instead (206.7.1). A 48 in stage needs a 48 ft ramp run plus a landing.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.basement_east":{"value":36,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, The Basement East (Nashville)","source":"The Basement East tech specs","url":"https://www.thebasementnashville.com/basement-east/tech-specs/","note":"Stage 30x16 ft; 11 ft back curtain; roof about 10 ft. Capacity 475 per rig-shop file (sources range 400-500).","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.cafe_du_nord":{"value":24,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Cafe du Nord (San Francisco)","source":"Cafe du Nord tech specs","url":"https://cafedunord.com/tech-specs/","note":"Stage 20x12 ft; 320 standing; 8 ft ceiling; stairs upstage left; a row of columns divides the room.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.subterranean_cabaret":{"value":30,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Subterranean Cabaret Room (Chicago)","source":"Subterranean venue specs","url":"https://subt.net/venue-specs/","note":"Stage 30x14 ft. Capacity 375 per rig-shop file; the spec page lists none.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.beat_kitchen":{"value":32,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Beat Kitchen (Chicago)","source":"Beat Kitchen venue specs","url":"https://beatkitchen.com/venue-specs/","note":"Stage 20x14 ft, 2 ft 8 in high. Capacity 275 per rig-shop file; the spec page lists none.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.hi_dive":{"value":36,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Hi-Dive (Denver)","source":"Hi-Dive facilities page","url":"https://hi-dive.com/facilities/","note":"Stage about 16x16 ft. Capacity 285 per rig-shop file; the page lists none.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.forty_watt":{"value":36,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, 40 Watt Club (Athens)","source":"40 Watt Club technical specifications","url":"https://www.40watt.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/40-Watt-Club-Tech-Specs.pdf","note":"Stage 22 wide x 18 deep ft; 9 ft 6 in from deck to sprinklers, 10 ft 3 in to ceiling. Capacity not in the spec.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.neumos":{"value":42,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Neumos (Seattle)","source":"Neumos venue specs","url":"https://www.neumos.com/info/venue-specs","note":"Stage 32x16.5 ft, 3.5 ft high; 16 ft ceiling, 11 ft to truss. Capacity 650 per rig-shop file.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.metro":{"value":43.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Metro (Chicago)","source":"Metro Chicago venue specs","url":"https://metrochicago.com/?p=1119","note":"Stage 30x17 ft, deck about 3.5 ft; FOH 25 ft out, centered; risers 9, 17, 23, 41 in. Capacity 1,100 per rig-shop file.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.example.orange_peel":{"value":48,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, The Orange Peel (Asheville)","source":"The Orange Peel tech info","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Proscenium stage 36x28 ft; capacity 1,050 standing; FOH 45 ft out, centered, no obstructions.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.white_oak_downstairs":{"value":48,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, White Oak Music Hall Downstairs (Houston)","source":"White Oak Music Hall tech specs","url":"https://whiteoakmusichall.com/tech-specs/","note":"Stage 32x22 ft. Capacity 1,000 per rig-shop file; the page lists none.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.white_oak_upstairs":{"value":30,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, White Oak Music Hall Upstairs (Houston)","source":"White Oak Music Hall tech specs","url":"https://whiteoakmusichall.com/tech-specs/","note":"Stage about 17x12 ft, 2.5 ft high; one of the smallest published touring stages. Capacity not on the page.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.brooklyn_bowl_nashville":{"value":48,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Brooklyn Bowl Nashville (1,200 capacity)","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville production tech pack (9.4.25)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Stage 38x21 ft plus 7x21 ft wings; 19 ft to truss; barricade 3 ft out; green rooms 10x23 and 10x20 ft; 50 ft load-in push.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.music_box_san_diego":{"value":54,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Music Box San Diego","source":"Music Box San Diego venue technical specifications (Dec 2021)","url":"https://musicboxsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/MBX-TECH-SPECS-Updated-122021.pdf","note":"Stage 24x17 ft, 4.5 ft high, 24 ft trim; 6x8x1 ft drum riser. Capacity not in the spec.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.ryman":{"value":48,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Ryman Auditorium (Nashville)","source":"Ryman Auditorium tech packet","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"4 ft high, 35 ft deep, proscenium 60 ft 8 in wide; load-in by street ramp with a 250 ft push. Capacity 2,362 per rig-shop file.","confidence":"high","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.example.orpheum_memphis":{"value":52,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage height, Orpheum Theatre Memphis (stage lip at center)","source":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis technical summary","url":"https://www.orpheum-memphis.com/technical-specs/orpheum-theatre","note":"Not a deck height; ignore.","confidence":"low","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"stage.example.mill_city_nights":{"value":60,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Stage height after the fix, Mill City Nights/The Brick (Minneapolis)","source":"After A Bad Showing With The Brick, Club Changes Name, Stage (WCCO CBS Minnesota, 2012)","url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/after-a-bad-showing-with-the-brick-club-changes-name-stage/","note":"Raised from 4 ft to 5 ft after sightline complaints and refunds. Capacity cited at about 1,200 after renovation.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"stage.dims.example.terminal_5":{"value":41,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"industry","label":"Stage width, Terminal 5 (New York, 3,000 capacity)","source":"Terminal 5 Debuts With Superior Sight Lines (BizBash, Oct 29 2007)","url":"https://www.bizbash.com/event-venues/terminal-5-debuts-with-superior-sight-lines","note":"Stage 41x30 ft; three open levels with wraparound balconies so the stage is visible from all three; 2007 article, may predate later changes.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines"},"loadin.door_size_ft":{"value":10,"low":3.8,"high":10,"unit":"feet (clear width)","basis":"published","label":"Load-in door clear width, mid-size room (typical truck door)","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, Production Tech and Advance Information (updated 9.4.25)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Bowl roll-up door: 10 ft wide, 10.25 ft high. Smallest published: The Pearl, 3 ft 10 in. Ryman max door: 66 in. Not tied to capacity.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.door_height_ft":{"value":10.25,"low":6.8,"high":14.75,"unit":"feet (clear height)","basis":"published","label":"Load-in door clear height","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, Production Tech and Advance Information (updated 9.4.25)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Bowl roll-up door is 10.25 ft high. Ryman max door 83 in; The Pearl about 6.8 ft; Milwaukee Theatre dock-to-stage opening 14 ft 9 in high.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.min_clear_path_in":{"value":40,"low":40,"high":46,"unit":"inches (clear width; path also 96 in tall)","basis":"published","label":"Narrowest clear path touring gear must fit (ramps, hallways, elevator doors)","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, Production Tech and Advance Information (updated 9.4.25)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Bowl's stage-left ramp is 40 in wide, 8 ft tall; Las Vegas carts under 40 in wide fit its elevators. Use 40 in by 96 in as the gear envelope.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.dock_and_step_norms":{"value":48,"low":44,"high":52,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Loading-dock deck height (matches truck-bed height)","source":"Loading Dock Design Guide (Loading Dock Supply, updated February 2026)","url":"https://loadingdocksupply.com/loading_dock_design","note":"Standard docks run 48-50 in; road dry vans 48-52, city vans 44-48. Santa Monica's theatre program required a 4 ft dock or lift. Many clubs use only a ramp.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.ramp_max_grade_pct":{"value":8,"low":6,"high":8.33,"unit":"percent grade","basis":"industry","label":"Maximum load-in ramp grade","source":"Loading Dock Design Guide (Loading Dock Supply, updated February 2026)","url":"https://loadingdocksupply.com/loading_dock_design","note":"Approach ramps max 6 percent (heavy loads) or 8 (light). ADA ramps are 1:12, 8.33 percent. White Oak's lawn ramp rises 9 ft in 80 ft: 11 percent.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"code.ada.ramp_max_slope_pct":{"value":8.33,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent","basis":"code","label":"ADA accessible ramp maximum running slope (1:12)","source":"2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, Sections 404 and 405 (U.S. Access Board)","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/","note":"Accessible ramp runs: 1:12 maximum, 36 in clear width, 30 in rise per run, 60 in landings; doors need 32 in clear. Federal rule; Tennessee amendments not checked.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"code.ada.dressing_room_accessible_pct":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of each type (minimum one room)","basis":"code","label":"Share of dressing rooms that must be accessible","source":"2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, Sections 222.1 and 206.2.6 (U.S. Access Board)","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/","note":"Where dressing rooms exist, at least 5 percent of each type (minimum one) must meet Section 803; performer areas need an accessible route (206.2.6).","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.rating.good_push_ft":{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"estimate","label":"Longest push still called a good load-in (level, no steps)","source":"Koka Booth Amphitheatre Stage Tech Pack (2024)","url":"https://www.boothamphitheatre.com/assets/doc/2024-KBA-Stage-Tech-Pack-8824-d733b06e4b.pdf","note":"Estimate: a good load-in is level, stepless, 100 ft or less. Anchors: Booth 40 ft, Bowl Nashville 50 ft with ramp, Mission Ballroom under 100 ft, bus-to-door 10-20 ft.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"loadin.rating.acceptable_push_ft":{"value":250,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"estimate","label":"Longest push still acceptable (level, or one ramp or elevator)","source":"Ryman Auditorium Technical Packet","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"A game judgment from the Ryman's accepted 250 ft push.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"loadin.rating.bad_push_ft":{"value":250,"low":250,"high":475,"unit":"feet","basis":"estimate","label":"Documented worst-case push (a bad load-in)","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Las Vegas Tech Pack (2018)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBLV_Tech_Pack_2018-c67b94f944.pdf","note":"Above 250 ft is red; 475 ft is one undated anecdote.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"loadin.rating.steps_acceptable_max":{"value":3,"low":2,"high":3,"unit":"steps","basis":"estimate","label":"Most steps still acceptable on the load-in route when a ramp is offered","source":"The Garden Club at Wild Heaven West End, Technical Specifications (2024)","url":"https://wildheavenbeer.com/docs/The-Garden-Club-at-Wild-Heaven-West-End-Atlanta-GA-2024-Tech-Specs.pdf","note":"Estimate: up to 3 steps if a ramp is offered. Garden Club has 3 steps to stage; Boileroom has 2 door steps with a ramp alternative.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.rating.steps_bad":{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"steps (one flight)","basis":"published","label":"Step count documented as a bad load-in","source":"Esquires (Bedford) Tech Spec (June 2026)","url":"https://www.bedfordesquires.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Esquires-Tech-Spec-June-2026-3.pdf","note":"Esquires in Bedford climbs 14 steps to its upstairs room, with load-out by a separate stair. Daysheets calls three flights a hard load-in.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.carry_distance_ft":{"value":75,"low":15,"high":475,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Truck-to-stage carry or push distance (median of published rooms)","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Las Vegas Tech Pack (2018)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBLV_Tech_Pack_2018-c67b94f944.pdf","note":"Median of eight published pushes: FOH Online 10-20 ft, Milwaukee 24, Booth 40, Bowl Nashville 50, Mission under 100, Crystal 100, Ryman 250, Bowl Vegas 475.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.elevator_door_width_in":{"value":40,"low":40,"high":46,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Freight elevator door or opening width","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"40 in is a typical minimum clear path; 46 is the best case.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"loadin.elevator_weight_limit_lb":{"value":2100,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"pounds","basis":"published","label":"Freight elevator weight limit","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Crystal Ballroom's elevator car is 4 ft deep, 5 ft wide, 8 ft tall, limited to 2,100 lb. Check loaded racks and subs against it; plan extra trips.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.time_and_crew":{"value":105,"low":90,"high":120,"unit":"minutes","basis":"industry","label":"Time for a standard band to be show-ready after arrival (load-in plus setup)","source":"What Happens Before Doors Open: The Hidden World of Backline (Hypebot, Apr 27, 2026)","url":"https://www.hypebot.com/what-happens-before-doors-open-the-hidden-world-of-backline.md","note":"A standard band can be show-ready in 90-120 minutes if the day goes smoothly (backline-company view). Stairs and long pushes add time; no published multiplier found.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.lead_before_doors_hr":{"value":2.5,"low":2,"high":3,"unit":"hours before doors","basis":"industry","label":"Load-in start before doors","source":"8 Things You're Forgetting To Do On Show Day (Ari's Take, 2014, updated 2022)","url":"https://aristake.com/?post=120","note":"Herstand loads in 2 hours before doors for solo bills, 3 with bands; Local 506 says about 2 hours; Esquires standard load-in starts at 4 pm.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadout.minutes_club":{"value":37.5,"low":30,"high":45,"unit":"minutes","basis":"industry","label":"Club load-out duration","source":"Daysheets glossary: Load-Out","url":"https://www.daysheets.com/glossary/load-out","note":"Club load-outs run 30-45 minutes; arena strikes 90-120. Backline comes off first, then lights and sound. Undated glossary, so treat as a rule of thumb.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadout.minutes_arena":{"value":105,"low":90,"high":120,"unit":"minutes","basis":"industry","label":"Arena or large-room load-out duration","source":"Daysheets glossary: Load-Out","url":"https://www.daysheets.com/glossary/load-out","note":"A well-run arena load-out takes 90 minutes to two hours; touring and local crews strike together, roughly reverse of setup. Undated glossary entry.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"soundcheck.setup_minutes_small_band":{"value":67,"low":45,"high":90,"unit":"minutes","basis":"published","label":"Setup plus soundcheck time, small band","source":"Down For The Count, Tech Spec & Rider","url":"https://downforthecount.co.uk/tech-spec-rider","note":"A UK band asks about 45 minutes setup plus check for small bands, 60-90 for larger; Rosemary and Garlic wants 30 setup plus 60 soundcheck. Midpoint used.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"loadin.midsize_tour_hours":{"value":8,"low":8,"high":10,"unit":"hours before show","basis":"published","label":"Load-in lead time for a full-production tour (own production)","source":"CeCe Winans Performance & Technical Rider (Band), attached to UCA RFP 23-032-R (2023)","url":"https://uca.edu/procurement/files/2023/04/RFP-UCA-23-032-R-CeCe-Winans_Band-Rider-Attachment2.pdf","note":"CeCe Winans rider starts load-in 10 hours before show when the artist brings production; Fox Theatre pays an 8-hour minimum for commercial load-ins.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"crew.min_call_hr":{"value":4,"low":4,"high":4,"unit":"hours","basis":"published","label":"Minimum paid length of a stagehand call","source":"Fox Theatre (Atlanta) Technical Package, Stagehand General Conditions (as of 10/2/19)","url":"https://www.foxtheatre.org/assets/doc/Pg.-6-12-Stagehand-General-Conditions-dcc9a4cbb2.pdf","note":"Fox Theatre (Atlanta) pays at least 4 hours for any stagehand call; staffing vendor TempGuru also quotes 4-hour minimums for Nashville load crews.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"crew.commercial_loadin_min_call_hr":{"value":8,"low":4,"high":8,"unit":"hours","basis":"published","label":"Minimum paid load-in call, commercial show, large theatre","source":"Fox Theatre (Atlanta) Technical Package, Stagehand General Conditions (as of 10/2/19)","url":"https://www.foxtheatre.org/assets/doc/Pg.-6-12-Stagehand-General-Conditions-dcc9a4cbb2.pdf","note":"Fox Theatre pays a minimum 8-hour call for commercial-show load-in and 4 hours for load-out. Nashville IATSE Local 46 rules were not found.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"crew.nashville_loader_rate_usd_hr":{"value":35.5,"low":32.5,"high":38.5,"unit":"dollars per hour per person","basis":"estimate","label":"Nashville load-crew labor rate (planning range)","source":"Load Crew in Nashville (TempGuru, Feb 23, 2026, updated Aug 5, 2026)","url":"https://tempguru.co/insights/load-crew-in-nashville","note":"General labor with a 4-hour minimum, not stagehand scale.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"crew.stagehands_large_act":{"value":10,"low":10,"high":12,"unit":"people","basis":"published","label":"Stagehands a large act's rider asks the promoter to supply","source":"CeCe Winans Performance & Technical Rider (Band), attached to UCA RFP 23-032-R (2023)","url":"https://uca.edu/procurement/files/2023/04/RFP-UCA-23-032-R-CeCe-Winans_Band-Rider-Attachment2.pdf","note":"CeCe Winans rider asks for 10 stagehands for full load-in; the soundcheck call is printed 'twelve (2)', likely 12. Party of 19. No club-tier figure found.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.tour_vehicles":{"value":53,"low":24.2,"high":53,"unit":"feet (length)","basis":"industry","label":"Longest tour vehicle needing a stall: 53-ft semitrailer (vans about 24 ft, buses 45 ft)","source":"Truck Size and Weight Study, Volume III Chapter III (FHWA, draft dated Sept 12, 2000)","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/tswstudy/Vol3-Chapter3.pdf","note":"53 ft is industry practice for a tractor-trailer; the federal minimum is 48 ft and Tennessee lists 50 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"parking.sprinter_length_ft":{"value":24.2,"low":19.5,"high":24.2,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Sprinter cargo van length (170-in extended is the long touring van)","source":"2024 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Dimensions (Mercedes-Benz of Warwick dealer page)","url":"https://www.mercedesbenzofwarwick.com/2024-mercedes-benz-sprinter-dimensions/","note":"Sprinter cargo van lengths: 233.5 in (19.5 ft) on 144-in wheelbase, 274.3 in on 170, 290 in (24.2 ft) on 170 extended. Dealer data, not a Mercedes sheet.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.sprinter_width_ft":{"value":7.7,"low":7.7,"high":7.7,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Sprinter cargo van width including mirrors","source":"2024 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Dimensions (Mercedes-Benz of Warwick dealer page)","url":"https://www.mercedesbenzofwarwick.com/2024-mercedes-benz-sprinter-dimensions/","note":"Width including mirrors is 92.3 in (7.7 ft) for every Sprinter cargo configuration listed. Leave room to open doors and unload from the side or rear.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.sprinter_height_ft":{"value":9,"low":8,"high":9,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Sprinter cargo van height (high roof)","source":"2024 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Dimensions (Mercedes-Benz of Warwick dealer page)","url":"https://www.mercedesbenzofwarwick.com/2024-mercedes-benz-sprinter-dimensions/","note":"High roof 107-107.5 in (9.0 ft); standard roof 96.3 in (8.0 ft). Rear door opening is 61 in wide, 73 in tall on high roof.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.bus_length_ft":{"value":45,"low":39.3,"high":45,"unit":"feet","basis":"code","label":"Tour bus (coach) length","source":"45-foot Buses (Caltrans)","url":"https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/45-buses-motorhomes/buses","note":"Federal law makes states allow 45-ft buses on the National Network; CeCe Winans rider asks for two 45-ft buses plus a tractor-trailer near the stage door.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.bus_width_ft":{"value":8.5,"low":8.33,"high":8.5,"unit":"feet","basis":"code","label":"Tour bus width","source":"FHWA Freight Management and Operations, Size and Weight Q&A (23 CFR 658.15 width)","url":"https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/FREIGHT/sw/faqs/qa.cfm?category=7","note":"FHWA caps commercial-vehicle width at 102 in (8.5 ft) on the National Network. A 39-ft coach example is 8 ft 4 in wide. Plan 8.5 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.bus_height_ft":{"value":12.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Tour bus height (approximate)","source":"Coach Buses (Dimensions.com)","url":"https://dimensions.com/element/coach-buses","note":"A 39-ft coach example stands 12 ft 6 in; no manufacturer sheet for 45-ft entertainer coaches was opened. Treat as approximate.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.trailer_width_ft":{"value":8.5,"low":8.5,"high":8.5,"unit":"feet (102 in)","basis":"code","label":"Semitrailer width (federal limit)","source":"FHWA Freight Management and Operations, Size and Weight Q&A (23 CFR 658.15 width)","url":"https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/FREIGHT/sw/faqs/qa.cfm?category=7","note":"102 in (8.5 ft) is the federal width limit for commercial vehicles on the National Network; wider cargo needs an overwidth permit.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.bus_shore_power_amps":{"value":50,"low":50,"high":60,"unit":"amps per circuit","basis":"published","label":"Bus shore-power service per bus","source":"Ryman Auditorium Technical Packet","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"Ryman: two 50 A bus circuits plus one for a bus with trailer; CeCe Winans rider asks two 50 A breakers; Koka Booth has three 60 A services.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.bus_permit_notice_days":{"value":14,"low":5,"high":28,"unit":"days","basis":"published","label":"Advance notice needed to arrange bus or truck parking","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Crystal Ballroom needs five business days for city bus permits; The Pearl two weeks; Frist (Nashville) wants dock arrivals approved four weeks ahead and Metro permits for street parking.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.vehicle_curfew_hr":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"AM deadline","basis":"published","label":"Hour by which all tour vehicles must leave (Brooklyn Bowl Nashville)","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, Production Tech and Advance Information (updated 9.4.25)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville bans on-site parking 2-10 AM; all buses, trucks, vans and trailers must leave by 2 AM, no exceptions. Plan load-out to beat that.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"parking.trucks_at_dock":{"value":1,"low":1,"high":4,"unit":"trucks","basis":"published","label":"Trucks that can sit at the load-in point","source":"Ryman Auditorium Technical Packet","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"Koka Booth keeps one truck at its dock (others about 150 ft away); Frist fits two 24-ft box trucks; Ryman parks up to four semis and three buses.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"greenroom.sqft_per_person":{"value":15,"low":12,"high":15,"unit":"square feet per person","basis":"estimate","label":"Green room (lounge) floor area per person","source":"Santa Monica College / Shakespeare Center of Los Angeles, Facility Brief Space List (Theatre DNA, May 22, 2018)","url":"https://admin.smc.edu/administration/planning/documents/outdoor-amphitheater/18822-05-22-space-list-Prioritized.pdf","note":"Theatre and code anchors, not a rock-club standard: 15 sq ft per person is a conservative ceiling, 12 a floor.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"greenroom.dressing_room_sqft_per_person":{"value":45,"low":45,"high":60,"unit":"square feet per person","basis":"published","label":"Dressing room floor area per person (with private restroom and shower)","source":"Santa Monica College / Shakespeare Center of Los Angeles, Facility Brief Space List (Theatre DNA, May 22, 2018)","url":"https://admin.smc.edu/administration/planning/documents/outdoor-amphitheater/18822-05-22-space-list-Prioritized.pdf","note":"Same program: 4-person dressing room 240 sq ft, 10-person 450 sq ft, each with accessible restroom and shower, built to Actors' Equity standards.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"greenroom.room_sqft_typical":{"value":218,"low":141,"high":337,"unit":"square feet per room","basis":"published","label":"Typical green room size at mid-size and large club rooms","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, Production Tech and Advance Information (updated 9.4.25)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Median of six club green rooms: Bowl Nashville 200 and 230, Crystal 141 and 206, Bowl Las Vegas 275 and 337 sq ft. Small-club sizes are rarely published.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"greenroom.count_typical":{"value":2,"low":1,"high":4,"unit":"rooms","basis":"published","label":"Number of green rooms or dressing rooms","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Small clubs list one (Pearl, Garden Club, Radio Room, Cafe du Nord); mid-size rooms two (Bowl, Crystal, Orange Peel); Koka Booth four. Bowl and Crystal add an office.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"greenroom.production_office_sqft":{"value":51,"low":51,"high":51,"unit":"square feet","basis":"published","label":"Lockable tour production office","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, Production Tech and Advance Information (updated 9.4.25)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Brooklyn Bowl's tour production office is 6 by 8.5 ft; Crystal Ballroom's holds 1-4 people, lockable, with hardwired internet and phone line.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"greenroom.makeup_counter_in_per_person":{"value":33,"low":30,"high":36,"unit":"inches per person","basis":"industry","label":"Mirror and makeup counter length per performer","source":"Dressing room planning criteria (theatreconsultants.org)","url":"https://theatreconsultants.org/?p=3001","note":"Theatre consultant guidance: 30-36 in of counter per performer, some union contracts 36 in minimum, counters 16-18 in deep. Theatre standard, not a rock-club rule.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"code.ibc.assembly_unconcentrated_sqft":{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"net square feet per occupant","basis":"code","label":"IBC occupant-load factor, tables-and-chairs assembly and stages/platforms","source":"Tennessee Building Code 2021 (IBC 2021), Chapter 10, Table 1004.5 (UpCodes)","url":"https://up.codes/viewer/tennessee/ibc-2021/chapter/10/means-of-egress","note":"Occupant-load factor for tables-and-chairs assembly is 15 net sq ft per person; stages and platforms also 15 net. It caps occupancy; it is not a comfort standard.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"code.ibc.storage_sqft_per_occupant":{"value":300,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"gross square feet per occupant","basis":"code","label":"IBC occupant-load factor, accessory storage areas","source":"Tennessee Building Code 2021 (IBC 2021), Chapter 10, Table 1004.5 (UpCodes)","url":"https://up.codes/viewer/tennessee/ibc-2021/chapter/10/means-of-egress","note":"IBC back-of-house factors: accessory storage 300 gross, commercial kitchens 200 gross, business/office areas 150 gross. Used to count people, not to size rooms.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"code.adoption.metro_nashville_ibc_year":{"value":2024,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"edition year","basis":"code","label":"IBC edition adopted by Metro Nashville (Codes)","source":"Metro adopts 2024 International Building Codes (Metro Nashville Codes news)","url":"https://www.nashville.gov/departments/codes/news/metro-adopts-2024-international-building-codes","note":"Metro adopted the 2024 I-Codes (BL2025-898), effective July 16, 2025; 2018-IBC designs got a 180-day grace period. Fire code adoption not verified here.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"code.adoption.tennessee_state_ibc_year":{"value":2021,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"edition year","basis":"code","label":"IBC edition on the Tennessee State Fire Marshal's adopted list","source":"Tennessee State Fire Marshal's Office, Currently Adopted Codes","url":"https://www.tn.gov/commerce/fire/codes-enforcement/history.html","note":"State Fire Marshal's list shows the 2021 IBC and 2021 IFC with amendments, effective April 17, 2025.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"greenroom.rider_basics":{"value":8,"low":6,"high":12,"unit":"people","basis":"estimate","label":"People to seat in the green room: five-piece band plus crew","source":"Rosemary & Garlic Technical & Hospitality Rider (December 2017)","url":"http://rosemaryandgarlic.com/Rosemary-Garlic-Technical-Rider.pdf","note":"Five band members plus engineer and up to two crew: seat 8. Riders ask a lockable room, seats for all, mirror and light, nearby private restroom, heat/AC, outlets, Wi-Fi.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"greenroom.rider.core_items":{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"items","basis":"published","label":"Count of recurring green room asks in riders","source":"CeCe Winans Performance & Technical Rider (Band), attached to UCA RFP 23-032-R (2023)","url":"https://uca.edu/procurement/files/2023/04/RFP-UCA-23-032-R-CeCe-Winans_Band-Rider-Attachment2.pdf","note":"Recurring asks: lockable door, seating for all, mirror, lighting, restroom nearby, climate control, power or Wi-Fi, shower preferred. Showers are common at mid-size rooms, often absent at small clubs.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.keg_and_dry":{"value":0.9,"low":0.4,"high":2,"unit":"half-barrel kegs per 100 attendees","basis":"estimate","label":"Half-barrel kegs needed per 100 attendees per show (estimate)","source":"How Many Beers Are Actually In A Half-Barrel Keg? (Mashed, Jan 25, 2024)","url":"https://www.mashed.com/1502260/how-many-beers-half-keg/","note":"Assumes 2 drinks per head, half draft, 16 oz pours, 112 pours per keg. Range 0.4 (light) to 2.0 (heavy beer crowd). A real bar would use its own sales data.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"storage.keg_servings_16oz":{"value":112,"low":100,"high":124,"unit":"pours per keg","basis":"estimate","label":"16 oz pours per half-barrel keg after waste","source":"How Many Beers Are Actually In A Half-Barrel Keg? (Mashed, Jan 25, 2024)","url":"https://www.mashed.com/1502260/how-many-beers-half-keg/","note":"A half-barrel holds 124 sixteen-ounce pours; the game assumes about 10 percent loss.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"storage.keg_weight_lb":{"value":160,"low":160,"high":160,"unit":"pounds per full keg","basis":"industry","label":"Full keg weight and cooler floor loading","source":"Cold Draft: Important Considerations for a Walk-in Keg Cooler (Foodservice Equipment Reports, June 10, 2021)","url":"https://www.fermag.com/articles/cold-draft-important-considerations-for-a-walk-in-keg-cooler/","note":"A full half-barrel weighs about 160 lb. Standard cooler floor panels carry roughly 500-800 lb per sq ft; reinforced panels are advised for stacking.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.keg_stack_high":{"value":2,"low":2,"high":3,"unit":"kegs high","basis":"industry","label":"Keg stacking height on reinforced cooler floors","source":"Cold Draft: Important Considerations for a Walk-in Keg Cooler (Foodservice Equipment Reports, June 10, 2021)","url":"https://www.fermag.com/articles/cold-draft-important-considerations-for-a-walk-in-keg-cooler/","note":"Reinforced cooler floors are adequate where kegs are stacked no more than two or three high. Use two-high storage for footprint math.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.cooler_temp_f":{"value":37,"low":36,"high":38,"unit":"degrees Fahrenheit","basis":"industry","label":"Keg cooler temperature","source":"Commercial Beer Cooler Guide (Micro Matic)","url":"https://www.micromatic.com/Commercial-Beer-Cooler-Guide.html","note":"Draft beer is held at 36-38 F; ales may want about 48 F, so a separate keg cooler beats sharing the food walk-in (Foodservice Equipment Reports).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.keg_cooler_sqft_per_100_cap":{"value":2.7,"low":1.1,"high":5.4,"unit":"square feet per 100 capacity","basis":"estimate","label":"Keg cooler floor area per 100 capacity (estimate)","source":"Cold Draft: Important Considerations for a Walk-in Keg Cooler (Foodservice Equipment Reports, June 10, 2021)","url":"https://www.fermag.com/articles/cold-draft-important-considerations-for-a-walk-in-keg-cooler/","note":"Assumes 1.5 nights of kegs on hand, 1.8 sq ft per keg, stacked two high, half the floor left for aisles. About 27 sq ft at 1,000 capacity.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.keg_footprint_sqft":{"value":1.8,"low":1.4,"high":1.8,"unit":"square feet per keg","basis":"estimate","label":"Half-barrel keg floor footprint","source":"Toast, How many beers are in a keg (page returned HTTP 403; diameter seen only in a search snippet)","url":"https://pos.toasttab.com/vi-us/blog/on-the-line/how-many-beers-are-in-a-keg","note":"A 16.1 in keg diameter gives 1.4 sq ft round, 1.8 sq ft squared up. Diameter came from a search snippet; the Toast page returned HTTP 403, so verify.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.dry_goods_sqft_per_100_cap":{"value":4,"low":2,"high":8,"unit":"square feet per 100 capacity","basis":"estimate","label":"Dry bar storage per 100 capacity (estimate)","source":"Santa Monica College / Shakespeare Center of Los Angeles, Facility Brief Space List (Theatre DNA, May 22, 2018)","url":"https://admin.smc.edu/administration/planning/documents/outdoor-amphitheater/18822-05-22-space-list-Prioritized.pdf","note":"Assumes ~90 cases (two nights of drinks, mixers, cups), 1 sq ft each, five high, doubled for aisles. SMC theatre program: 100 sq ft FOH storage per 600 seats.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.drinks_per_head":{"value":2,"low":1.5,"high":3,"unit":"drinks per attendee","basis":"estimate","label":"Drinks sold per attendee per show (all attendees)","source":"Beer Math: How Much Are You Actually Buying? (Steam Whistle)","url":"https://steamwhistle.ca/blogs/news/beer-pitcher-keg-can-conversion-calculator","note":"No concert-specific source found. Party guides run 1-2 drinks per guest per hour; club bars see roughly 1.5-2 per head including non-drinkers (estimate). Use local sales data.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.backline_and_cases":{"value":40,"low":25,"high":60,"unit":"square feet per band","basis":"estimate","label":"Floor area to store one band's cased gear during the show (estimate)","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"About 20 cases and bags for a five-piece at roughly 3 sq ft, stacked two high plus 25 percent aisle. Crystal Ballroom offers a 10 by 30 ft work area.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.dead_case_area_sqft_per_100_cap":{"value":20,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"square feet per 100 capacity","basis":"published","label":"Published off-stage work and dead-case area per 100 capacity (Crystal Ballroom)","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Crystal (1,500 capacity) has a roughly 10 by 30 ft area off stage left for monitor world, guitar worlds, dead cases, artist entry: 20 per 100. One room only.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"storage.stage_support_sqft_per_100_seats":{"value":75,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"square feet per 100 seats","basis":"published","label":"Stage-support space per 100 seats, theatre planning program","source":"Santa Monica College / Shakespeare Center of Los Angeles, Facility Brief Space List (Theatre DNA, May 22, 2018)","url":"https://admin.smc.edu/administration/planning/documents/outdoor-amphitheater/18822-05-22-space-list-Prioritized.pdf","note":"Santa Monica theatre program: 200 sq ft scene dock plus 150 equipment and 100 AV storage for 600 seats. Theatre benchmark; rock rooms run smaller.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"advance.sheet_fields":{"value":12,"low":10,"high":18,"unit":"sections","basis":"published","label":"Core sections in a venue tech pack or advance sheet","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, V.6 Production Tech and Advance Information (updated 06/13/2023)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/V.6-Production-Tech-and-Advance-Information-BB-Nash-1003066a59.pdf","note":"Packs always list contacts, directions and parking, load-in, stage size, power, PA, lights, backline, dressing rooms, catering, merch, security, settlement. Bowl's V.6 index has 12 sections.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"advance.example.brooklyn_bowl_nashville":{"value":10,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"index entries","basis":"published","label":"Example advance sheet: Brooklyn Bowl Nashville (Sept 2025), index entries","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, Production Tech and Advance Information (updated 9.4.25)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Sept 2025 index: directions and parking, load-in plus hotels, audio, lighting, video, venue and facilities, dressing rooms and house details, backline, contacts, patch list.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"advance.example.revolution_hall":{"value":18,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"headings","basis":"published","label":"Example advance sheet: Revolution Hall, Portland (Mar 2024), headings","source":"Revolution Hall Venue & Tech Info (last updated March 2024)","url":"https://www.revolutionhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/REVOLUTION-HALL-TECH-PACK-2024.pdf","note":"Headings include contacts, load-in and parking, dressing rooms, Wi-Fi, merch, restaurants, backline, risers, stage and power, rigging, elevator, audio, lighting, video, patch, parking map. Counted by hand from the published sheet.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"advance.example.crystal_ballroom":{"value":16,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"headings","basis":"published","label":"Example advance sheet: Crystal Ballroom, Portland (Feb 2025), headings","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Headings: layout and capacity, bus parking, load-in, stage and FOH dimensions, barricade, audio, mics, lighting, video, backline, dressing rooms, internet, catering, security, merch, settlement. Counted by hand from the published sheet.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"advance.foh_distance_ft":{"value":43,"low":15,"high":90,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Front-of-house mix position distance from stage edge","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"FOH distance: Crystal and Bowl Las Vegas 42 ft 11 in (identical, maybe a shared template), Orange Peel 45, Metro 25, 3rd and Lindsley about 15, Koka Booth 90.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"advance.foh_position_footprint_sqft":{"value":103,"low":48,"high":177,"unit":"square feet","basis":"published","label":"Floor area the FOH mix position occupies","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (updated February 2025)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Mix areas: Revolution Hall 8 by 8 ft (alternate 8 by 6), Crystal 12'4\" by 8'4\", Bowl Las Vegas 12'4\" by 14'4\". Each desk eats floor.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"power.guest_audio_service_amps":{"value":100,"low":20,"high":200,"unit":"amps (3-phase camlock unless noted)","basis":"published","label":"Guest audio power service listed in tech packs","source":"The Orange Peel Tech Info","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Guest audio feeds: 100 A at Orange Peel, Crystal, Revolution Hall, Metro, Ryman; 200 A at Bowl Nashville. Small clubs publish only 20 A circuits (Basement East six).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"power.guest_lighting_service_amps":{"value":200,"low":100,"high":400,"unit":"amps (3-phase camlock)","basis":"published","label":"Guest lighting power service listed in tech packs","source":"The Orange Peel Tech Info","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Guest lighting feeds: 200 A at Orange Peel and Crystal, 400 A at Bowl Nashville and Ryman, 100 A at Revolution Hall.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"pm.common_objections":{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"categories","basis":"industry","label":"Distinct room objections documented from touring and house production staff","source":"Daysheets glossary: Load-In","url":"https://www.daysheets.com/glossary/load-in","note":"Eight documented: stairs and pushes, door/elevator size, parking and permits, stage size, power, backstage space, FOH position, advance communication. AndR article covers tour economics, not rooms. No frequency data.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"pm.obj.stage_sqft_per_musician":{"value":30.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"square feet per musician","basis":"published","label":"Stage area per musician that drew a touring-engineer complaint","source":"Acoustic part 3 - 3rd and Lindsley (SoundGirls.org)","url":"https://soundgirls.org/?p=2275","note":"A Nashville bar stage of 14 by 24 ft had to fit 11 musicians plus techs; 30.5 sq ft each left little room for monitor world. Anecdote, about 2014.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"pm.obj.crew_call_hazard_persons":{"value":14,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people","basis":"industry","label":"Local crew call a venue production manager called unnecessary and a hazard","source":"A Response to 'Tour Managing for Dummies' (FOH Online, Sept 13, 2013)","url":"https://fohonline.com/?p=109837","note":"A venue production manager calls a 14-person crew call for a bus-and-trailer load-in unnecessary and a hazard on ramps. Right-size the local crew.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"pm.obj.surprise_delay_hr":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"hours","basis":"industry","label":"Load-in delay from an undisclosed street event","source":"Production Live! Coverage: How To Make Your Building An Easy Day (Pollstar, Feb 7, 2018)","url":"https://news.pollstar.com/2018/02/07/production-live-coverage-how-to-make-your-building-an-easy-day/","note":"Tour manager Jerome Crooks lost two hours of load-in when a venue failed to mention a marathon in the area; advance road closures and events.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"pm.obj.rider_mismatch_usd":{"value":10000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"dollars","basis":"industry","label":"Gear rental that following a rider literally would trigger","source":"Production Live! Coverage: How To Make Your Building An Easy Day (Pollstar, Feb 7, 2018)","url":"https://news.pollstar.com/2018/02/07/production-live-coverage-how-to-make-your-building-an-easy-day/","note":"Ryman production manager Les Banks said following a rider to the letter would rent about $10,000 of gear the artist already carries; call and ask.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"pm.obj.backline_lead_days":{"value":7,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"days (minimum)","basis":"industry","label":"Lead time for rented backline","source":"A Response to 'Tour Managing for Dummies' (FOH Online, Sept 13, 2013)","url":"https://fohonline.com/?p=109837","note":"Venue-side advice: rented backline needs a week minimum to fulfill, so the advance has to happen early.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"pm.obj.low_ceiling_ft":{"value":9.5,"low":7,"high":19,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Lowest published stage clearance in working touring clubs","source":"Neumos Venue Specs","url":"https://www.neumos.com/info/venue-specs","note":"Neumos 9.5 ft to lights; Basement East about 10 ft 2 in; Cafe du Nord lists 7 ft under its rig (ambiguous); Bowl 19 ft. No PM complaint quantified.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"stage.min_for_five_piece_ft":{"value":16,"low":13.1,"high":20,"unit":"feet (width)","basis":"published","label":"Smallest working stage width found for a five-piece band (published tech specs of a few rooms, not a requirement)","source":"Hi-Dive Facilities","url":"https://hi-dive.com/facilities/","note":"Smallest working touring-club stages are 15-16 ft wide (Local 506, Hi-Dive). A UK band rider needs 4 by 3 m (13 by 10 ft) for five pieces or fewer.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"stage.min_depth_five_piece_ft":{"value":12,"low":9.8,"high":16,"unit":"feet (depth)","basis":"published","label":"Smallest working stage depth found for a five-piece band, no riser (published tech specs of a few rooms, not a requirement)","source":"Cafe du Nord Tech Specs","url":"https://cafedunord.com/tech-specs/","note":"Cafe du Nord's working stage is 12 ft deep; band-rider minimum is 3 m (9.8 ft); a rental guide calls 12 by 16 workable but tight with drums and keys.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh","corrected":true},"stage.min_depth_with_drum_riser_ft":{"value":14,"low":12,"high":18,"unit":"feet (depth)","basis":"estimate","label":"Minimum stage depth for a band with a drum riser","source":"Radio Room (Greenville) Tech Specs","url":"https://radioroomgreenville.com/tech-specs/","note":"Estimate: 6 ft riser plus about 8 ft of front line. Working 14-ft-deep stages host touring bands (Beat Kitchen, Subterranean, Garden Club); kits need 6-8 ft of depth.","confidence":"low","topic":"r4-boh"},"stage.drum_riser_depth_ft":{"value":6,"low":6,"high":8,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Drum riser depth","source":"Radio Room (Greenville) Tech Specs","url":"https://radioroomgreenville.com/tech-specs/","note":"Drum risers published at 8 by 6 ft (Radio Room, The Pearl) and 6 by 8 or 8 by 8 ft (Metro), heights 9-41 in at Metro.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"stage.drum_riser_width_ft":{"value":8,"low":8,"high":8,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Drum riser width","source":"Radio Room (Greenville) Tech Specs","url":"https://radioroomgreenville.com/tech-specs/","note":"An 8-ft side is the common drum riser dimension: 8 by 6 at Radio Room and The Pearl, 8 by 8 or 6 by 8 at Metro Chicago.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"stage.riser_deck_count":{"value":4,"low":4,"high":6,"unit":"decks","basis":"published","label":"House riser decks supplied (4 by 8 ft modules)","source":"Revolution Hall Venue & Tech Info (last updated March 2024)","url":"https://www.revolutionhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/REVOLUTION-HALL-TECH-PACK-2024.pdf","note":"House riser sets are 4-ft by 8-ft decks: four at Revolution Hall and Crystal, six wheeled decks at Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, with 1-2 ft legs.","confidence":"high","topic":"r4-boh"},"stage.published_depth_median_small_ft":{"value":15,"low":12,"high":18,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Median stage depth, published small clubs (mostly 200-750 capacity, some unpublished)","source":"Cafe du Nord Tech Specs","url":"https://cafedunord.com/tech-specs/","note":"Median of 11 published club stages (12-18 ft deep): Cafe du Nord, Hi-Dive, Beat Kitchen, Subterranean, Basement East, Bourbon Street, Local 506, Pearl, Garden Club, Radio Room, White Oak Upstairs.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"stage.published_width_median_small_ft":{"value":21.3,"low":15,"high":30,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Median stage width, published small clubs","source":"Cafe du Nord Tech Specs","url":"https://cafedunord.com/tech-specs/","note":"Median of the same 11 stages (15-30 ft wide). Width-by-depth order is inferred for Beat Kitchen, Subterranean, Basement East and Radio Room listings.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"stage.published_depth_median_mid_ft":{"value":22,"low":16.5,"high":28,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Median stage depth, published mid-size rooms (about 650-1,500 capacity)","source":"The Orange Peel Tech Info","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Median of 7 stages: Neumos 16.5, Metro 17, Bowl Nashville 21, White Oak 22, Revolution Hall 22, Crystal 26.7, Orange Peel 28 ft deep.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"stage.published_width_median_mid_ft":{"value":33,"low":30,"high":38,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Median stage width, published mid-size rooms","source":"The Orange Peel Tech Info","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Median of the same 7 stages (30-38 ft wide). Large rooms scale up: Ryman 35 ft deep, Riviera 40 by 28, Koka Booth 70 by 45.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r4-boh"},"layout.bar_placement_practice":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Where designers place bars relative to entry, stage and floor, and why","source":"How to Open a Grassroots Music Venue (Music Venue Trust with the Mayor of London, v2.0, 2019)","url":"https://london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/how_to_open_a_grassroots_venue_v2_0.pdf","note":"No standard fixes bar position. Practice: long bar, queues clear of audience and walkways, visible to staff, away from the loudest zone. Bar earns most of the night's income.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bar_reach_during_headliner_evidence":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"research","label":"Evidence that a bar you cannot reach during the headliner stops earning","source":"Danger on the Dance Floor: A Study of Interior Design, Crowding and Aggression in Nightclubs (Macintyre and Homel, Crime Prevention Studies vol. 7, 1997)","url":"https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/library/CrimePrevention/Volume_07/03_McIntyre.pdf","note":"No sales-by-reachability data found. Indirect: in packed clubs a few meters can take minutes and a drink order is hard to carry back. Course claim is plausible, unmeasured.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bar_queue_depth":{"value":13,"low":10,"high":16,"unit":"feet (3 to 5 metres)","basis":"industry","label":"Queue depth needed in front of a busy bar","source":"Venue Capacity Planning: A Practical Guide (tickts, 23 April 2026)","url":"https://tickts.co.uk/blog/venue-capacity-planning-practical-guide","note":"A busy bar needs about 3-5 m of queue depth in front of the counter, kept off walkways. Subtract it from usable floor when sizing the room.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bar_service_wait_target":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"industry","label":"Target wait to be served at the bar","source":"How to Open a Grassroots Music Venue (Music Venue Trust with the Mayor of London, v2.0, 2019)","url":"https://london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/how_to_open_a_grassroots_venue_v2_0.pdf","note":"Guide says staff the bar to serve everyone within a couple of minutes; a long wait signals a venue that does not care. Use 2 minutes as the good-service line.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bar_distance_from_entrance":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Keeping the bar away from the entrance","source":"Bartender Staffing and Placement (Jenn Stafford, EventPlanning.com, 7 October 2010)","url":"https://eventplanning.com/bartender-staffing-placement/","note":"Event guidance: never put drinks service directly at the entrance; it congests the busiest spot and keeps guests lingering at the door. No minimum distance is published.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bar_split_vs_central":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Two smaller bars versus one central bar (sources disagree)","source":"Event Planning Secrets for Success (Homestyler design blog, December 2025)","url":"https://www.homestyler.com/article/event-planning-secrets-for-success","note":"This blog says two smaller bars at opposite ends cut queues versus one central bar; the 2010 EventPlanning.com guide says consolidate unless the room is very large. No measured comparison.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bar_staff_noise_separation":{"value":80,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"dB (limit stated for staff areas)","basis":"industry","label":"Separating bar staff from stage noise","source":"How to Open a Grassroots Music Venue (Music Venue Trust with the Mayor of London, v2.0, 2019)","url":"https://london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/how_to_open_a_grassroots_venue_v2_0.pdf","note":"UK guidance reproduced in the guide: keep bars away from dance floor and performance areas, and staff break areas under 80 dB. A bar beside the stage costs staff hearing.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.entry_decompression":{"value":12,"low":10,"high":15,"unit":"feet of depth inside the door","basis":"industry","label":"Open space just inside the door before queues form","source":"Inside the Machine (Paco Underhill, excerpt from Call of the Mall, Wilson Quarterly, 2004)","url":"https://www.wilsonquarterly.com/quarterly/_/inside-machine/","note":"Retail concept: people adjust to light and sound in the first 10 to 15 ft and ignore displays there. Not tested in venues; the game treats that much floor just inside the door as space to keep clear before ID, coat or bar.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"layout.foyer_area_per_patron":{"value":2.7,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"square feet per person (0.25 m2)","basis":"code","label":"Minimum foyer area per auditorium occupant (Australian code)","source":"NCC 2019 Volume One Amendment 1, NSW Part H101 Entertainment venues (Australian Building Codes Board)","url":"https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/2019-a1/ncc-2019-volume-one-amendment-1/new-south-wales/nsw-part-h101-entertainment-venues","note":"Foyer of at least 0.25 m2 per auditorium occupant for film or live stage venues, excluding stairs and concessions. 500 people means about 1,350 sq ft. Not a US rule.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.entry_queue_design":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"Entry and queue arrangement guidance for licensed venues","source":"Design Guidelines for Licensed Venues (Victorian Department of Justice, 2009)","url":"https://stonnington.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/planning-and-building/planning/strategic-planning/planning-scheme-background-documents/background-docs/design-guidelines-for-licensed-venues-department-of-justice-2009.pdf","note":"One controlled entry and exit, no cash desk in the doorway; prefer a lit, supervised inside queue with entertainment; outside, run barriers the full queue length and post expected wait.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.queue_design":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative (numbers in the layout.queue_* entries)","basis":"industry","label":"Queue lane design: shape, space, spacing, cover","source":"Crowd flow dynamics: matching queue style to demand (Visiontron)","url":"https://www.visiontron.com/crowd-flow-dynamics-matching-queue-style-to-demand/","note":"Straight lines suit steady demand; serpentine suits surges and fits a fixed footprint; hybrids switch at peak. No venue-specific rule found for stanchion post spacing or lane width.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.queue_space_per_person":{"value":7,"low":3,"high":13,"unit":"square feet per person","basis":"research","label":"Standing space per person in a waiting queue, by level of service","source":"FHWA-HRT-98-107 Section 3, queueing-area level-of-service table (from Fruin, 1971)","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/98107/section3.cfm","note":"Queue level C is 7-10 sq ft (about 3 ft apart), D is 3-7, E under 3 means touching. Plan C at the door; accept D at peak.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.queue_outdoor_length_per_100":{"value":250,"low":200,"high":350,"unit":"feet per 100 patrons","basis":"estimate","label":"Sidewalk length used by 100 patrons queuing single file","source":"FHWA-HRT-98-107 Section 3, queueing-area level-of-service table (from Fruin, 1971)","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/98107/section3.cfm","note":"Derived, not published: single file at 2-3.5 ft per person (levels D to C) gives 200-350 ft per 100 people. Two abreast roughly halves it. Leave sidewalk passing space.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.queue_person_spacing":{"value":13,"low":6,"high":22,"unit":"inches","basis":"industry","label":"Spacing between people in a line","source":"Human Spacing: Queue Space (Dimensions.com)","url":"https://www.dimensions.com/element/human-spacing-queue-space-queuing","note":"Dropped: undefined measurement.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"layout.queue_serpentine_vs_single":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Single serpentine line versus multiple lines","source":"Queueing strategy 101: why layout matters more than you think (Michele Mazzucco, 21 May 2025)","url":"https://thequeuereport.substack.com/p/queueing-strategy-101-why-layout","note":"One serpentine line is fairer, absorbs surges, needs open width. Several short lines suit tight spaces but wait unevenly. Hybrid that expands at peak is common advice.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.queue_weather_cover":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"Weather cover for venue queues","source":"FIFA Football Stadiums Guidelines, 6.4 General Spectators (2021)","url":"https://publications.fifa.com/fr/football-stadiums-guidelines/technical-guideline/main-user-groups/general-spectators/","note":"No length or cover standard found for venue queues. Stadium guide sizes ticket-office queue space to keep enough spectators under cover. Treat cover as a comfort feature in the game.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.restroom_and_coat_placement":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"Where restrooms and coat check go, and queue spillover","source":"Design Guidelines for Licensed Venues (Victorian Department of Justice, 2009)","url":"https://stonnington.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/planning-and-building/planning/strategic-planning/planning-scheme-background-documents/background-docs/design-guidelines-for-licensed-venues-department-of-justice-2009.pdf","note":"Toilets away from main circulation to avoid cross-flow; cloakroom away from entrances and exits. Stadium guidance adds: spread toilets evenly, away from entries, accessible toilets reachable without joining queues.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.restroom_max_travel_distance":{"value":500,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet (and no more than one story away)","basis":"code","label":"Maximum path of travel to required public toilets","source":"State Building Code Opinion 25-Aug01 quoting 2021 IBC 2902.3.3 (Washington State Building Code Council)","url":"https://sbcc.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2025-09/Aug02_IBC.pdf","note":"2021 IBC limit for required toilets. Tennessee uses 2021 IBC; Nashville adopted 2024 codes in 2025. Section number and 2024 text not verified. Planning point only.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.coat_check_throughput":{"value":20,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"guests per minute (200 guests in 10 minutes)","basis":"estimate","label":"Coat check throughput target","source":"Event Planning Secrets for Success (Homestyler design blog, December 2025)","url":"https://www.homestyler.com/article/event-planning-secrets-for-success","note":"Unvalidated; the game derives coat throughput from attendants and service seconds.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"layout.merch_placement":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Where merch tables go and why","source":"Tips for Selling Music Merch at Live Shows (Hypebot, republished from Disc Makers Blog, 22 January 2025)","url":"https://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2025/01/tips-for-selling-music-merch-at-live-shows.html","note":"Put merch in a high-traffic spot near entrance or exit so fans pass it going in or out. Another guide adds stage side and bar as good spots.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.merch_default_location":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Where venues usually put the merch table by default","source":"7 Out-of-the-Box Ideas to Attract People to Your Band Merch Table (Dan Reifsnyder, Sonicbids, 6 August 2018)","url":"https://blog.sonicbids.com/out-of-the-box-ideas-band-merch-table","note":"Venues usually park the table far at the back. Stage area is ideal; entrances, exits and bar are good alternatives. A poor spot can explain weak sales.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.merch_spend_per_head":{"value":10.24,"low":8.79,"high":10.33,"unit":"US dollars per attendee (2025; range spans 2023 to 2026 figures on the page)","basis":"industry","label":"Average merch spend per attendee","source":"atVenu Year in Review (merch per-head figures; page address says 2019 but shows 2023-2026 data)","url":"https://www.atvenu.com/features/year-in-review-2019","note":"About $10 per attendee; roughly 21% of fans buy; T-shirts are 56% of items. Growth came mostly at smaller venues. Use as an anchor for the merch stop.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.second_bar_threshold":{"value":300,"low":200,"high":360,"unit":"patrons per bar","basis":"estimate","label":"Capacity at which a venue needs a second bar or service bar","source":"FIFA Football Stadiums Guidelines, 6.4 General Spectators (2021), with Brooklyn Bowl Nashville bar count","url":"https://publications.fifa.com/fr/football-stadiums-guidelines/technical-guideline/main-user-groups/general-spectators/","note":"Real rooms run 175 to 360 patrons per bar (median about 288).","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"layout.service_points_per_spectators":{"value":200,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"spectators per point of sale (each at least 1 m wide; about 7 linear m of counter per 1,000)","basis":"published","label":"Stadium guideline for food and drink points of sale","source":"FIFA Football Stadiums Guidelines, 6.4 General Spectators (2021)","url":"https://publications.fifa.com/fr/football-stadiums-guidelines/technical-guideline/main-user-groups/general-spectators/","note":"About one point of sale per 200 spectators, each at least 1 m wide. Football-stadium context, all concessions not only bars; a floor, not a club standard.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bars_per_capacity_example":{"value":300,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"patrons per bar (1,200 capacity, 4 bars)","basis":"published","label":"Real mid-size data point: patrons per bar at Brooklyn Bowl Nashville","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville set to open its doors (Brooklyn Bowl venue site)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/blog/detail/brooklyn-bowl-nashville-set-to-open-its-doors-in-march-2020","note":"Four bars, 19 bowling lanes on two floors, 1,200 capacity. One real data point from a venue that also sells food; not a benchmark.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bar_length_per_100_guests":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet of bar per 100 guests (minimum)","basis":"industry","label":"Bar service length per 100 guests (catered-event rule)","source":"Bartender Staffing and Placement (Jenn Stafford, EventPlanning.com, 7 October 2010)","url":"https://eventplanning.com/bartender-staffing-placement/","note":"At least 5 ft of bar per 100 guests, about 4 ft per bartender. Written for weddings and corporate events; likely too small for a busy standing club.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"layout.bartender_ratio":{"value":75,"low":50,"high":75,"unit":"guests per bartender","basis":"industry","label":"Guests per bartender (catered-event rule)","source":"Bartender Staffing and Placement (Jenn Stafford, EventPlanning.com, 7 October 2010)","url":"https://eventplanning.com/bartender-staffing-placement/","note":"One bartender per 75 guests is a minimum floor; a busy standing club needs more at changeover.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"wayfinding.first_time_confusion_points":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"research","label":"Where first-time patrons get confused","source":"Way to Go! Automatic Optimization of Wayfinding Design (Huang et al., IEEE TVCG, arXiv 2017)","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.08891","note":"Errors cluster at decision points such as entrances, intersections and lobbies; more decision points make routes harder (Arthur and Passini); signs get missed when crowds block them or ads distract.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.practitioner_error_points":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Practitioner view of where navigation errors happen","source":"Wayfinding: A Practical Guide to Effective Design (Alice Twu, Skedda, 2026)","url":"https://www.skedda.com/insights/what-is-wayfinding","note":"Most errors happen at entrances, intersections, lobbies and transitions between spaces. Signs must come before the choice, not after a wrong turn. Landmarks help people recover.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.entry_identification":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"Making the entrance itself findable","source":"Design Guidelines for Licensed Venues (Victorian Department of Justice, 2009)","url":"https://stonnington.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/planning-and-building/planning/strategic-planning/planning-scheme-background-documents/background-docs/design-guidelines-for-licensed-venues-department-of-justice-2009.pdf","note":"Show venue name and street number at entries, put entries on the main thoroughfare, avoid recessed doors and alcoves that hide the entrance.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.signage_rules":{"value":10,"low":10,"high":35,"unit":"feet of viewing distance per inch of capital letter height","basis":"industry","label":"Sign letter height rule of thumb for viewing distance","source":"Signage 101: Letter Height Visibility (Nelson James, Signs.com, 7 July 2017)","url":"https://www.signs.com/blog/?p=16381","note":"Sign-shop rule: 1 in of capital height per 10 ft of viewing distance. Research suggests about 35 ft per inch for typical readers. Use 10 as the safe game rule.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.sign_legibility_index":{"value":35,"low":17,"high":35,"unit":"feet per inch of letter height","basis":"research","label":"Research legibility distance per inch of letter height","source":"Variable Message Signing: Legibility (U.S. Access Board research summary)","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/research/communication/variable-message-signing/vms-legibility/","note":"Typical readers about 35 ft per inch; weaker-vision readers 17-22; legally blind about 3. Mostly roadway-sign studies, so treat as an upper bound for dim rooms.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.ada_visual_characters":{"value":0.625,"low":0.625,"high":3,"unit":"inches (5/8 in at 40-70 in height, under 6 ft away; 3 in over 10 ft high, under 21 ft away)","basis":"code","label":"ADA minimum visual character height (permanent signs)","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 7 Communication Elements and Features (703.5.5)","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch07","note":"Add 1/8 in per extra foot of viewing distance beyond 6 ft (mid-height) or 21 ft (over 10 ft high). Characters start 40 in above floor; non-glare, high contrast.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.ada_tactile_mount_height":{"value":null,"low":48,"high":60,"unit":"inches above floor (to character baselines)","basis":"code","label":"ADA mounting height for tactile characters","source":"2010 ADA Standards, Chapter 7 Communication Elements and Features (703.4.1)","url":"https://www.access-board.gov/ada/chapter/ch07","note":"Lowest tactile baseline at least 48 in; highest no more than 60 in above the floor. Applies to permanent tactile signs, not every wayfinding sign.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.exit_sign_max_distance":{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet (or the sign's listed viewing distance if shorter)","basis":"code","label":"Maximum distance from any corridor point to a visible exit sign","source":"2021 IBC Means of Egress, Section 1013.1 (ICC Spring Interchange training slides, 2023)","url":"https://iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-IBC-Means-of-Egress.pdf","note":"Every point in an exit corridor within 100 ft of a visible exit sign. A building-code trainer cites the same rule in 2018 IBC 1013.1, so editions agree here.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.exit_sign_letter_height":{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"inches tall (strokes at least 3/4 in)","basis":"code","label":"Exit sign minimum letter height and stroke","source":"California Building Code, Egress Illumination and Exit Signage (1013.6.1, page with 2025 headers)","url":"https://gocodebook.com/us/california/california-building-code/means-of-egress/egress-components-doors-stairs-and-signage/egress-illumination-and-exit-signage","note":"Exit sign letters at least 6 in tall with 3/4 in strokes. Source is a California code page numbered like the IBC; confirm in the adopted edition.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"wayfinding.sign_orientation":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"Signs readable from every approach direction","source":"Concourses (Sports Grounds Safety Authority)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/resource/concourses","note":"Provide signs facing both lateral and transverse directions so people arriving from any entry can choose a route quickly. Stadium guidance, applies to any multi-entry room.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"flow.crowd_density_vs_movement":{"value":8,"low":8,"high":15,"unit":"square feet per person (walkway level F is 8 or less)","basis":"research","label":"Space per person below which walking through a crowd breaks down","source":"FHWA-HRT-98-107 Section 3, walkway level-of-service table (adapted from Fruin, 1971)","url":"https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/98107/section3.cfm","note":"Walkway level E is 8-15 sq ft, D is 15-24. A floor packed near code-ceiling density cannot be crossed to a rear bar or restroom. Converted from a metric table.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"flow.ibc_density_ceiling":{"value":7,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"net square feet per person (0.65 m2)","basis":"code","label":"Densest occupant load a code official may accept","source":"2021 Group A Public Comment Agenda, IBC Egress, items E8-21 and E9-21 on Section 1004.5.1 (ICC)","url":"https://www.iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/IBC-Egress-2021-Group-A-2021-Group-A-Aug-13.pdf","note":"Increased occupant loads may not exceed one per 7 net sq ft; a proposal to allow 5 was disapproved 11-3. Standing table factors not verified from an authoritative copy.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"flow.moving_crowd_density_limit":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people per square metre (about 2.7 sq ft each)","basis":"published","label":"Safe density limit for a moving crowd (UK Green Guide as cited)","source":"PhD thesis Chapter 3, Crowd Dynamics (G. Keith Still), citing the UK Green Guide","url":"https://gkstill.com/CV/PhD/Chapter3.html","note":"Green Guide treats 4 per m2 as the safe limit for a moving crowd; the author notes crowds at 4-6 per m2 only shuffle. Secondary citation, verify in the guide.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"flow.peak_speed_reduction_design_limit":{"value":50,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent maximum reduction of unimpeded walking speed","basis":"research","label":"Design limit on how much crowds may slow walking at peak","source":"Danger on the Dance Floor (Macintyre and Homel, 1997), citing Weston and Marshall (1973) at Victoria Station","url":"https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/library/CrimePrevention/Volume_07/03_McIntyre.pdf","note":"A 1973 London Transport study advised sizing cross-flow areas so peak crowds slow walking by no more than half. Cited secondhand, transit station not a venue.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"flow.nightclub_layout_crowding":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"research","label":"Study linking layout to crowding in nightclubs","source":"Danger on the Dance Floor (Macintyre and Homel, Crime Prevention Studies vol. 7, 1997)","url":"https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/library/CrimePrevention/Volume_07/03_McIntyre.pdf","note":"Crowding arose partly from poorly placed doors, dance floors, bars and restrooms, not only headcount. 36 visits to six Australian clubs in 1993; authors urge design-based patron limits.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"flow.bar_crowding_incident_correlation":{"value":0.3,"low":0.25,"high":0.3,"unit":"correlation coefficient","basis":"research","label":"Correlation of bar crowding with aggressive incidents","source":"Danger on the Dance Floor (Macintyre and Homel, 1997), citing Homel and Clark (1994) Sydney study","url":"https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/library/CrimePrevention/Volume_07/03_McIntyre.pdf","note":"Bar crowding correlated about 0.30 with incidents, overall crowding about 0.25, but the bar effect vanished once male drunkenness was controlled. Correlation only; 147 visits, 36 Sydney premises.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey"},"flow.set_break_surge":{"value":3.5,"low":2,"high":6,"unit":"times mid-headliner traffic (men's toilets: changeover averages about 17 per minute with peaks near 28, versus about 5)","basis":"published","label":"Toilet demand surge at the changeover before the headliner","source":"Using data and evidence to effectively plan: A case study in toilets (Aoife Hunt, University of Greenwich; slide deck hosted by SGSA, 2026)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"Unverified stadium figure.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"flow.post_headliner_burst":{"value":22,"low":20,"high":24,"unit":"people per minute at the studied toilet blocks (women about 20, men about 24)","basis":"published","label":"Toilet demand burst right after the headliner ends","source":"Using data and evidence to effectively plan: A case study in toilets (Aoife Hunt, University of Greenwich; slide deck hosted by SGSA, 2026)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"Unverified stadium figure.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"flow.women_trips_during_show":{"value":42,"low":39,"high":45,"unit":"percent of women's trips","basis":"published","label":"Share of women's toilet trips made during the performance itself","source":"Using data and evidence to effectively plan: A case study in toilets (Aoife Hunt, University of Greenwich; slide deck hosted by SGSA, 2026)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"Unverified stadium figure.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"flow.women_toilet_queue_share":{"value":87,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of studied event time (men's toilets never queued)","basis":"published","label":"Share of event time with a queue at women's toilets","source":"Using data and evidence to effectively plan: A case study in toilets (Aoife Hunt, University of Greenwich; slide deck hosted by SGSA, 2026)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"At a 2025 stadium concert women's toilets had a queue about 87% of the time, even though provision met the most generous guidance. Queues spill into circulation.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"flow.toilet_dwell_time":{"value":127,"low":73,"high":127,"unit":"seconds (women 2:07, men 1:13, accessible 1:43)","basis":"published","label":"Average time in the toilet facility at the concert","source":"Using data and evidence to effectively plan: A case study in toilets (Aoife Hunt, University of Greenwich; slide deck hosted by SGSA, 2026)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"Unverified.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"flow.concert_toilet_trips_women_share":{"value":52,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent of men's plus women's trips (2,520 of 4,875)","basis":"published","label":"Women's share of toilet trips at the concert","source":"Using data and evidence to effectively plan: A case study in toilets (Aoife Hunt, University of Greenwich; slide deck hosted by SGSA, 2026)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"Unverified stadium figure.","confidence":"low","topic":"r5-journey","corrected":true},"flow.cubicle_count_queue_sensitivity":{"value":53,"low":44,"high":53,"unit":"percent reduction in average wait from a 29% increase in cubicles (14 to 18)","basis":"research","label":"Effect of adding cubicles on half-time queue waits (simulation)","source":"Using data and evidence to effectively plan: A case study in toilets (Aoife Hunt, University of Greenwich; slide deck hosted by SGSA, 2026)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/A-case-study-in-toilets-Aoife-Hunt.pdf","note":"Simulated half-time demand: average wait fell from 9:32 to 4:30 and max wait from 18:01 to 8:26. Small capacity adds cut queues sharply; stadium women's toilets.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"queue.wait_psychology":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"research","label":"How waiting feels, for door, bar and merch queues","source":"The Psychology of Waiting Lines (David Maister, 1985)","url":"https://davidmaister.com/articles/5/52/index.html","note":"Idle, uncertain, unexplained, unfair and solo waits feel longer; waits before service feel longer than waits during it. Give queues something to do, a stated wait and fair rules.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"revenue.dwell_time_and_spend":{"value":0.8,"low":0.5,"high":0.8,"unit":"percent change in revenue per 1 percent change in dwell time (0.8 food and beverage, 0.6 retail, 0.5 overall)","basis":"research","label":"Food and beverage revenue response to dwell time","source":"Shopping or dining? On passenger dwell time and non-aeronautical revenues (Wu, Morlotti and Mantin, Journal of Air Transport Management 118, 2024)","url":"https://aisberg.unibg.it/handle/10446/271809","note":"Panel of 89 US airports: +10% dwell goes with about +8% food and beverage, +6% retail. Association, not proof; airports, not venues; concourse-layout airports showed no gain.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"revenue.door_wait_lost_bar_time":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Entry wait as lost bar time","source":"How to Open a Grassroots Music Venue (Music Venue Trust with the Mayor of London, v2.0, 2019)","url":"https://london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/how_to_open_a_grassroots_venue_v2_0.pdf","note":"Guide: an hour waiting outside is an hour not spent at the bar, which makes most of the night's income. Qualitative; no per-minute spend figure published.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"revenue.screens_and_dwell":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"Screens and entertainment lengthen stays in circulation areas","source":"Concourses (Sports Grounds Safety Authority)","url":"https://sgsa.org.uk/resource/concourses","note":"Stadium guidance: concourse screens raise both how many people use the space and how long they stay; place them so they do not block routes or overcrowd.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"code.nashville_adopted_edition":{"value":2024,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"edition year of International Codes","basis":"code","label":"Building code edition Metro Nashville adopted","source":"Metro adopts 2024 International Building Codes (Metro Nashville Codes)","url":"https://www.nashville.gov/departments/codes/news/metro-adopts-2024-international-building-codes","note":"Ordinance BL2025-898 applies to plans submitted on or after 16 July 2025, with a 180-day grace for 2018 IBC designs. The state fire marshal list shows 2021 IBC and IFC.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature_moment_examples":{"value":13,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"examples (see experience.signature.* entries)","basis":"published","label":"Count of real signature-moment design features documented below","source":"First Avenue's stars (The Current, MPR, 3 May 2019); other examples cited in each entry","url":"https://www.thecurrent.org/feature/2019/05/inside-the-minnesota-history-centers-first-avenue-exhibit","note":"Thirteen features, each checked on an opened page: heritage seating, floors, light, art, activities and movable stages. Fan descriptions come from venue and press material, not surveys.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.ryman_pews_and_glass":{"value":2362,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seats","basis":"published","label":"Ryman Auditorium, Nashville: original church pews and stained glass","source":"Nashville's Mother Church of Country Music retains its roots as religious house of worship (Luis Andres Henao, Associated Press, 8 September 2024)","url":"https://www.adn.com/nation-world/2024/09/07/nashvilles-mother-church-of-country-music-retains-its-roots-as-religious-house-of-worship/","note":"Fans sit in the original wooden pews under stained-glass windows in a former tabernacle; artists prize its acoustics. Heritage feature, hard to copy cheaply.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.opry_oak_circle":{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet diameter","basis":"published","label":"Grand Ole Opry, Nashville: six-foot circle of Ryman stage wood","source":"The History of the Grand Ole Opry's Iconic Circle of Wood (Grand Ole Opry)","url":"https://opry.com/story/the-history-of-the-grand-ole-opry-s-iconic-circle-of-wood","note":"A circle cut from the Ryman stage in 1974 sits at center stage; performers treat standing on it as an honor. A small object carrying a big story.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.first_avenue_stars":{"value":450,"low":400,"high":450,"unit":"stars (more than 450 per 2019 report; more than 400 per another source)","basis":"published","label":"First Avenue, Minneapolis: black exterior painted with performers' stars","source":"Inside the Minnesota History Center's First Avenue exhibit (The Current, MPR, 3 May 2019)","url":"https://www.thecurrent.org/feature/2019/05/inside-the-minnesota-history-centers-first-avenue-exhibit","note":"Painting artists' names on the exterior began in 1990 to set the building apart; selling out or local ties help earn one. Cheap, cumulative, photographed by visitors.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.brooklyn_bowl_lanes":{"value":19,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"bowling lanes on two floors (1,200 capacity, 4 bars)","basis":"published","label":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville: bowling lanes beside the music room","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville (JE Dunn project page)","url":"https://www.jedunn.com/projects/brooklyn-bowl-nashville/","note":"A second activity gives patrons reasons to arrive early, stay and spend. Page confirms lanes, floors, bars and capacity; it does not describe how lanes relate to the stage.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.crystal_ballroom_floor":{"value":1914,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"year the floor was built","basis":"published","label":"Crystal Ballroom, Portland: floating dance floor from 1914","source":"If The Floor's A Rockin', Just Keep A Bouncin' (Jerad Walker, NPR, 29 September 2015)","url":"https://www.kunc.org/2015-09-29/if-the-floors-a-rockin-just-keep-a-bouncin","note":"Rocker-and-ball-bearing maple floor; dancers liken it to walking on a mattress and the room moves with about 1,500 people dancing. Hard to copy, easy to retell.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.fillmore_apples_and_posters":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"The Fillmore, San Francisco: free apples and a limited poster at the end","source":"The Fillmore customer experience signature: apples and limited prints (Stan Phelps, CustomerThink, 14 February 2010)","url":"https://customerthink.com/the_fillmore_customer_experience_signature_apples_and_limited_prints/","note":"A bucket of free apples at the entrance, a Bill Graham tradition, plus a limited poster handed out as guests leave; framed posters line the walls. Cheap, specific, collectible.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.cains_floor_and_portraits":{"value":1924,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"year built","basis":"published","label":"Cain's Ballroom, Tulsa: spring-loaded maple floor, neon star, portraits","source":"History (Cain's Ballroom official site)","url":"https://cainsballroom.com/venue-info/history","note":"Maple floor in a concentric-square pattern, a four-foot neon star and disco ball overhead, and oversized portraits of Bob Wills-era stars between fiddle-shaped lights.","confidence":"high","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.red_rocks_rock_walls":{"value":9525,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seats","basis":"published","label":"Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Colorado: sandstone monoliths frame the bowl","source":"Red Rocks Amphitheatre (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Rocks_Amphitheatre","note":"Ship Rock, Creation Rock and Stage Rock form the natural enclosure. Not copyable, but the lesson is to design around a site feature patrons describe afterward.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.great_american_music_hall":{"value":1907,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"year built (about 700 capacity)","basis":"published","label":"Great American Music Hall, San Francisco: ornate 1907 balconies, columns, frescoes","source":"Great American Music Hall (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Music_Hall","note":"Decorative balconies, columns and frescoes give a mid-size room an identity beyond its stage and bar. Ornament as brand, though costly to replicate.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.fox_atlanta_starry_ceiling":{"value":96,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"crystal stars (about a third flicker; 4,665 seats)","basis":"published","label":"Fox Theatre, Atlanta: Arabian courtyard under a night-sky ceiling","source":"Fox Theatre (Atlanta) (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Atlanta)","note":"Ceiling stars and a projected drifting-cloud display make the auditorium feel open-air. Light and ceiling as the memorable moment; a small-room version is plausible.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.gruene_hall_open_sides":{"value":1878,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"year built","basis":"published","label":"Gruene Hall, Texas: 1878 dance hall with side panels that open","source":"Gruene Hall (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruene_Hall","note":"Tin roof, side panels opening for open-air dancing, 1930s-40s signs still hanging and a garden outside. A flexible edge between inside and outside.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.nine_thirty_club_wheeled_stage":{"value":1200,"low":500,"high":1200,"unit":"capacity (room feels full at 500 with stage forward)","basis":"published","label":"9:30 Club, Washington: wheeled stage that rolls forward","source":"9:30 Club (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9:30_Club","note":"Stage on rails pulled forward makes 500 people feel like a sold-out 1,200. A design answer to the half-empty room; links to usable versus paper capacity.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"experience.signature.mission_ballroom_sliding_stage":{"value":null,"low":2200,"high":3950,"unit":"capacity range","basis":"published","label":"Mission Ballroom, Denver: stage on trolleys slides to resize the room","source":"Mission Ballroom (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Ballroom","note":"Stage slides lengthwise to change capacity from about 2,200 to 3,950 in a largely column-free bowl. Flexible scale as a feature; large-venue example.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r5-journey"},"cost.bar_per_linear_ft":{"value":3500,"low":1500,"high":6000,"unit":"USD per linear foot of bar (2026 dollars)","basis":"estimate","label":"Built-in commercial bar with back bar and plumbing, installed","source":"How Much Does it Cost to Build a Commercial Bar in 2022? (Cabaret Design Group, Apr 24 2022)","url":"https://cabaretdesigners.com/what-costs-are-associated-with-commercial-bar-construction-in-2022/","note":"Derived: a published 2022 figure of $3,000 per linear foot plus about 15 percent; the draft system is extra.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"a bar-design firm's 2022 price, plus about 15%","corrected":true},"cost.bar_per_linear_ft_published_2022":{"value":3000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per linear foot (2022 dollars)","basis":"industry","label":"Same bar budget exactly as published (2022 dollars)","source":"How Much Does it Cost to Build a Commercial Bar in 2022? (Cabaret Design Group, Apr 24 2022)","url":"https://cabaretdesigners.com/what-costs-are-associated-with-commercial-bar-construction-in-2022/","note":"Rough budget from one bar-design firm founder; includes plumbing, electrical, equipment install, quartz top and mid-priced facing. Add at least 10% contingency.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.bar.underbar_equipment_per_lf":{"value":890,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per linear foot (late 2021 dollars)","basis":"industry","label":"Underbar stainless equipment per linear foot","source":"How Much Does it Cost to Build a Commercial Bar in 2022? (Cabaret Design Group)","url":"https://cabaretdesigners.com/what-costs-are-associated-with-commercial-bar-construction-in-2022/","note":"One 18.5-ft bartender station cost $16,475 in late 2021 (about $890/ft) versus $6,075 in 2014. Escalate to 2026 before use.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.bar.back_bar_cooler_72in":{"value":4500,"low":3000,"high":6000,"unit":"USD per unit","basis":"industry","label":"Back bar cooler, 72-inch three-section unit","source":"Restaurant Bar Design Guide: Layout, Equipment, and Cost Breakdown (2026), RestaurantLaunchpad","url":"https://restaurantlaunchpad.io/restaurant-bar-design-guide/","note":"Guide gives $3,000-$6,000 for a 72-inch three-section back bar cooler and $800-$1,500 for a 24-inch single-door unit. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.bar.plumbing_electrical_rough_in":{"value":10000,"low":5000,"high":15000,"unit":"USD per bar","basis":"industry","label":"Plumbing and electrical rough-in when adding a bar to an existing building","source":"Restaurant Bar Design Guide: Layout, Equipment, and Cost Breakdown (2026), RestaurantLaunchpad","url":"https://restaurantlaunchpad.io/restaurant-bar-design-guide/","note":"Rough-in alone, before bar structure or equipment. The same guide prices bar plumbing at $3,000 (budget) to $25,000 (premium). Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.bar.top_per_linear_ft":{"value":100,"low":15,"high":200,"unit":"USD per linear foot","basis":"industry","label":"Bar top surface by material","source":"Restaurant Bar Design Guide: Layout, Equipment, and Cost Breakdown (2026), RestaurantLaunchpad","url":"https://restaurantlaunchpad.io/restaurant-bar-design-guide/","note":"Laminate $15-30, solid wood $40-80, stainless $60-120, quartz $80-150, poured concrete $75-150, granite or marble $100-200+. Value is a mid-range pick.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.bar.draft_system":{"value":10000,"low":5000,"high":15000,"unit":"USD per system","basis":"industry","label":"Draft beer system add-on","source":"How Much Does it Cost to Build a Commercial Bar in 2022? (Cabaret Design Group)","url":"https://cabaretdesigners.com/what-costs-are-associated-with-commercial-bar-construction-in-2022/","note":"Author says at least $5,000-$15,000 more for draft beer, on top of the per-foot budget. Glass frosters start at $1,500. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.bar.total_budget_tier":{"value":26000,"low":17000,"high":35000,"unit":"USD per bar","basis":"industry","label":"Whole bar, budget tier (construction plus equipment)","source":"Restaurant Bar Design Guide: Layout, Equipment, and Cost Breakdown (2026), RestaurantLaunchpad","url":"https://restaurantlaunchpad.io/restaurant-bar-design-guide/","note":"Excludes liquor license, POS, inventory, seating. Source does not state bar length, so per-foot conversion is unreliable. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.bar.total_mid_tier":{"value":65000,"low":43000,"high":87000,"unit":"USD per bar","basis":"industry","label":"Whole bar, mid-range tier (construction plus equipment)","source":"Restaurant Bar Design Guide: Layout, Equipment, and Cost Breakdown (2026), RestaurantLaunchpad","url":"https://restaurantlaunchpad.io/restaurant-bar-design-guide/","note":"Excludes liquor license, POS, inventory, seating. A 16-ft bar at the published $3,000/ft is about $48,000, consistent with this tier. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.bar.total_premium_tier":{"value":156000,"low":99000,"high":213000,"unit":"USD per bar","basis":"industry","label":"Whole bar, premium tier (construction plus equipment)","source":"Restaurant Bar Design Guide: Layout, Equipment, and Cost Breakdown (2026), RestaurantLaunchpad","url":"https://restaurantlaunchpad.io/restaurant-bar-design-guide/","note":"Source says $99,000-$213,000+; open-ended at the top. Excludes licensing, POS, inventory, seating. Value is the midpoint of the stated range.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.stage_deck_per_sqft":{"value":36,"low":24,"high":50,"unit":"USD per square foot of stage","basis":"estimate","label":"Permanent framed wood stage deck with skirting","source":"Portable Stages and Stage Platforms For Sale (StageDrop)","url":"https://www.stagedrop.com/portable-staging","note":"No published price for a built club stage was found. The typical price and the low end are the portable stage kit prices a retailer lists (about $24 to $41 a square foot before stairs, rails and skirts); the high end is the course's allowance for a built or dual-height deck.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"portable stage kit prices, stretched for a built deck","corrected":true},"cost.stage_deck_portable_per_sqft":{"value":36,"low":24,"high":41,"unit":"USD per square foot of deck","basis":"published","label":"Portable stage deck system, retail kits","source":"Portable Stages and Stage Platforms For Sale (StageDrop)","url":"https://www.stagedrop.com/portable-staging","note":"8x12 kit from $3,500 (about $36/sf); 8x16 about $33/sf; 4x4 lightweight unit from $388 (about $24/sf). Stairs, rails and skirts are extra.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.stage_portable_4x8_deck_each":{"value":1299.99,"low":null,"high":3249.99,"unit":"USD per 4x8 deck (high is list MSRP)","basis":"published","label":"ProX XSQ-4X8 MK3 portable 4x8 deck, street price","source":"ProX XSQ-4X8 MK3 StageQ platform (SoundPro)","url":"https://soundpro.com/products/prox-xsq-4x8mk3","note":"Legs adjust 28-48 inches; 1,500 lb per 4x4 section. Listing showed sold out. Steps, guardrails and skirts sold separately; legs listed as a set.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom_per_fixture":{"value":5000,"low":2500,"high":15000,"unit":"USD per fixture","basis":"estimate","label":"Added toilet, urinal or lavatory in a renovation, all-in with plumbing","source":"Commercial Bathroom Remodel: ADA Costs (2026 Prices), Revolution Contractors","url":"https://www.revolutionflorida.com/blog/commercial-bathroom-remodel-ada-cost","note":"A course assumption; whole-room figures are better (see the cost of a whole accessible restroom).","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"course assumption","corrected":true},"cost.restroom_per_room_ada":{"value":30000,"low":15000,"high":50000,"unit":"USD per restroom room","basis":"industry","label":"Full ADA restroom rebuild, one room","source":"Commercial Bathroom Remodel: ADA Costs (2026 Prices), Revolution Contractors","url":"https://www.revolutionflorida.com/blog/commercial-bathroom-remodel-ada-cost","note":"Contractor range $15,000-$50,000+ for a gut rebuild; multi-stall rooms $25,000-$100,000+. Oklahoma state bidet-retrofit scenarios ran $20,000-$30,000 compliant, $50,000-$60,000 if renovation needed.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","corrected":true},"cost.restroom_per_room_ada_oklahoma_state":{"value":25000,"low":20000,"high":160000,"unit":"USD per restroom installation scenario (2024)","basis":"published","label":"Oklahoma state estimate, ADA restroom scenarios (public sector)","source":"Oklahoma House Bill Summary HB3930, fiscal analysis, 2/14/2024 (OMES cost breakdown)","url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/cf_pdf/2023-24%20SUPPORT%20DOCUMENTS/BILLSUM/House/HB3930%20INT%20BILLSUM.PDF","note":"Scenario costs for adding a bidet facility: $20k-$30k already-compliant room; $50k-$60k if renovation needed; $50k-$160k non-ADA pre-1990 room. Public-sector, not a pure restroom price.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom.ada_toilet_installed":{"value":1150,"low":800,"high":1500,"unit":"USD per toilet","basis":"industry","label":"ADA-compliant toilet, installed","source":"Commercial Bathroom Remodel: ADA Costs (2026 Prices), Revolution Contractors","url":"https://www.revolutionflorida.com/blog/commercial-bathroom-remodel-ada-cost","note":"Fixture and install only; plumbing rough-in changes are priced separately. Contractor in St. Petersburg, Florida, April 2026. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom.accessible_sink_installed":{"value":1750,"low":1000,"high":2500,"unit":"USD per sink","basis":"industry","label":"Accessible sink with modifications, installed","source":"Commercial Bathroom Remodel: ADA Costs (2026 Prices), Revolution Contractors","url":"https://www.revolutionflorida.com/blog/commercial-bathroom-remodel-ada-cost","note":"Includes modifications for accessibility; excludes rough-in changes. Single contractor source, April 2026. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom.plumbing_rough_in_changes":{"value":10000,"low":5000,"high":15000,"unit":"USD lump sum per restroom","basis":"industry","label":"Plumbing rough-in changes in a renovated restroom","source":"Commercial Bathroom Remodel: ADA Costs (2026 Prices), Revolution Contractors","url":"https://www.revolutionflorida.com/blog/commercial-bathroom-remodel-ada-cost","note":"Lump sum for moving or adding supply and drain lines; varies with how much plumbing relocates. HomeGuide gives $4-$6/sf for new-construction commercial rough-in. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom.grab_bar_installed":{"value":475,"low":350,"high":600,"unit":"USD per bar","basis":"industry","label":"Commercial grab bar, installed","source":"Commercial Bathroom Remodel: ADA Costs (2026 Prices), Revolution Contractors","url":"https://www.revolutionflorida.com/blog/commercial-bathroom-remodel-ada-cost","note":"Installed price per bar including backing. Value is the midpoint of the contractor range.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom.fixture_toilet_bowl_ada_price":{"value":245.25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per bowl (list price)","basis":"published","label":"Kohler Highcliff Ultra floor-mount flushometer toilet bowl, material only","source":"Highcliff Ultra Flushometer Bowl, Top Spud, K-96057-0 (Kohler)","url":"https://www.kohler.com/en/products/commercial/shop-commercial-toilets/highcliff-ultra-floor-mounted-top-spud-flushometer-bowl-96057","note":"Rim height 16-7/8 inches, listed as meeting ADA height. Material only; excludes flush valve, seat, carrier, labor and rough-in.","confidence":"high","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom.fixture_urinal_price":{"value":370.2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per urinal (list price)","basis":"published","label":"Kohler Bardon high-efficiency wall-hung urinal, material only","source":"Bardon High-Efficiency Urinal, Top Spud, K-4991-ET-0 (Kohler)","url":"https://www.kohler.com/en/products/commercial/shop-commercial-urinals/bardon-high-efficiency-urinal-heu-washdown-wall-hung-0-125-gpf-to-1-0-gpf-top-spud-4991-et","note":"Fixture only. Flush valve, carrier, labor and rough-in are separate. Installed urinal price not found.","confidence":"high","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom.fixture_lavatory_price":{"value":140.85,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per lavatory (list price)","basis":"published","label":"Kohler Kingston wall-mount commercial lavatory, material only","source":"Kingston wall-mount commercial bathroom sink, K-2005-0 (Kohler)","url":"https://www.kohler.com/en/products/commercial/shop-commercial-lavatories-sinks/kingston-21-1-4-x-18-1-8-wall-mount-concealed-arm-carrier-bathroom-sink-with-4-centerset-faucet-holes-2005","note":"Sink only; faucet, carrier, drain, labor and rough-in are separate. Shows how small the fixture is next to installed cost.","confidence":"high","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.restroom.partition_per_stall":{"value":700,"low":520,"high":1200,"unit":"USD per stall (materials, hardware included)","basis":"published","label":"Toilet partition per stall, materials","source":"Bathroom Partitions, 3 Stalls, Left Hand Between Walls Standard (Partition Plus)","url":"https://partitionplus.com/product/bathroom-partitions-3-stalls-between-walls-left-hand-standard/","note":"Three-stall run from $1,567 (about $520/stall); upgrading to 72-inch HDPE adds about $1,994 per run (about $1,190/stall). Installation labor not stated.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.coat_check_and_merch_counter":{"value":8000,"low":3500,"high":20000,"unit":"USD for both stations combined","basis":"estimate","label":"Coat-check counter with racks plus merch counter with display","source":"Reception Desks (Global Industrial)","url":"https://www.globalindustrial.com/c/office/desks_workstations/circulation_reception_desks","note":"Estimate for a built coat-check counter with four rolling racks plus a merch counter with display shelving. Stock reception stations run $1,259-$2,229; custom millwork costs more.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"stock reception-desk prices, estimated up for racks and shelving","corrected":true},"cost.rolling_garment_rack_each":{"value":150,"low":120,"high":200,"unit":"USD per rack","basis":"published","label":"Rolling garment rack, commercial Z-rack about 63 inches long","source":"Garment & Accessory Racks (Global Industrial)","url":"https://www.globalindustrial.com/c/foodservice/retail_fixtures_displays_equipment/displays_display_racks/garment_accessory_racks","note":"Listed at $119.95 to $199.95. Hangers, tickets and wall-mounted racks not priced on the page.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.stock_counter_per_linear_ft":{"value":200,"low":170,"high":230,"unit":"USD per linear foot","basis":"estimate","label":"Stock modular reception or counter station per linear foot","source":"Reception Desks (Global Industrial)","url":"https://www.globalindustrial.com/c/office/desks_workstations/circulation_reception_desks","note":"Computed from 80-124 inch stations at $1,259-$2,229. Office-grade; L and U shapes inflate the per-foot figure. Custom venue casework per foot not found.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.foh_riser_and_booth":{"value":3500,"low":1300,"high":9000,"unit":"USD for one mix position","basis":"estimate","label":"FOH mix position riser or built booth","source":"ProX XSQ-4X8 MK3 StageQ platform (SoundPro)","url":"https://soundpro.com/products/prox-xsq-4x8mk3","note":"Estimate: portable 4x8 deck about $1,300 low end; a built 8x8 platform at $30-$50/sf is about $1,900-$3,200 before rail, power and enclosure.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"a portable deck's list price, plus an estimate for a built booth","corrected":true},"cost.floor_finish_per_sqft":{"value":6,"low":2,"high":16,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Polished or sealed concrete floor, installed","source":"How Much Do Polished Concrete Floors Cost (HomeAdvisor, updated June 20 2026)","url":"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/flooring/polished-concrete-floor-cost","note":"Polished concrete $2-$16/sf; stained $2-$10/sf; sealer alone $0.85-$1.60/sf. Slab condition and grind level drive the spread. The value is a planning pick.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout","corrected":true},"cost.floor_sealer_only_per_sqft":{"value":1.2,"low":0.85,"high":1.6,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Concrete sealer only, including cleaning and prep","source":"How Much Do Polished Concrete Floors Cost (HomeAdvisor, updated June 20 2026)","url":"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/flooring/polished-concrete-floor-cost","note":"Bob Vila gives the same range for large spaces and up to about $10/sf for small awkward ones. Cheapest club floor option.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.floor_hardwood_solid_installed_per_sqft":{"value":18,"low":11,"high":25,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Solid hardwood floor, installed","source":"How Much Does Hardwood Flooring Cost? (2026), HomeGuide","url":"https://homeguide.com/costs/hardwood-flooring-cost","note":"Solid $11-$25/sf installed; engineered $9-$20/sf. Residential-based guide; commercial wear layers and finishes may differ. Value is a midpoint.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.floor_hardwood_refinish_per_sqft":{"value":5,"low":2,"high":8,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Refinishing existing hardwood","source":"How Much Does Hardwood Flooring Cost? (2026), HomeGuide","url":"https://homeguide.com/costs/hardwood-flooring-cost","note":"Sand and refinish existing solid hardwood; engineered $2-$6/sf. A recurring cost in a high-traffic venue. Value is a midpoint.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.floor_sprung_hardwood_per_sqft":{"value":26,"low":18,"high":35,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Hardwood over sprung subfloor, materials plus install","source":"What Is the Best Flooring for a Dance Studio (FlooringClarity, 2025)","url":"https://www.flooringclarity.com/what-is-the-best-flooring-for-a-dance-studio/","note":"Materials $13-$27/sf plus $5-$8 install, from a dance-studio guide. Vendor-style blog, not a manufacturer quote.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.floor_sprung_subfloor_per_sqft":{"value":8,"low":3.5,"high":14,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"published","label":"Sprung subfloor system only","source":"SpringFlex permanent sprung subfloor (Stagestep)","url":"https://www.stagestep.com/subfloor-systems/springflex/","note":"Modular systems at the low end, high-performance at the top; surface floor extra. Greatmats cites $10-$15/sf for tongue-and-groove units. Value is a midpoint.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.rake_or_back_riser":{"value":35,"low":20,"high":60,"unit":"USD per square foot of platform","basis":"estimate","label":"Back platform or riser, framed wood","source":"How Much Does It Cost to Build a Deck? (2026), HomeGuide","url":"https://homeguide.com/costs/cost-to-build-a-deck","note":"Estimate for a framed wood back platform, 12-24 inches, plywood top. Cast-in-place raked concrete cost not found. Guards, stairs and ramps extra.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"wood deck prices (a house deck, so a rough guide)","corrected":true},"cost.signage_and_wayfinding":{"value":12000,"low":3000,"high":15000,"unit":"USD total","basis":"estimate","label":"Club signage package: exterior, window and interior wayfinding","source":"Bar & Lounge Buildout Cost 2026 (customhome.us, Feb 19 2026)","url":"https://www.customhome.us/blog/bar-lounge-buildout-bay-area","note":"Estimate: one illuminated exterior sign, window graphics, interior wayfinding and ADA signs. A Bay Area bar-lounge guide budgets $3,000-$15,000 for signage overall.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"a bar-and-lounge build-out guide's $3,000 to $15,000 for signs","corrected":true},"cost.sign_exterior_primary":{"value":8000,"low":2000,"high":20000,"unit":"USD per sign, installed","basis":"industry","label":"Illuminated exterior facade sign (channel letters)","source":"How Much Does Commercial Sign Installation Cost? (HomeAdvisor, updated June 20 2026)","url":"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/safety-and-security/make-and-install-signs/","note":"HomeAdvisor $4,000-$20,000 installed, reverse-lit up to 30% more; HomeGuide $2,000-$20,000+, neon $1,000-$30,000. The value is a planning pick.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout","corrected":true},"cost.sign_monument":{"value":12500,"low":5000,"high":20000,"unit":"USD per sign, installed","basis":"industry","label":"Monument sign near entrance","source":"How Much Does Commercial Sign Installation Cost? (HomeAdvisor, updated June 20 2026)","url":"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/safety-and-security/make-and-install-signs/","note":"Very tall or wide versions cost more; pylon signs run $20,000-$100,000. Blade or projecting sign prices were not found. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.sign_ada_each":{"value":300,"low":150,"high":500,"unit":"USD per sign","basis":"industry","label":"ADA room-identification sign, each","source":"Commercial Bathroom Remodel: ADA Costs (2026 Prices), Revolution Contractors","url":"https://www.revolutionflorida.com/blog/commercial-bathroom-remodel-ada-cost","note":"Contractor quote per ADA sign; page does not say whether installation is included. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.sign_window_graphics":{"value":500,"low":100,"high":1000,"unit":"USD per window sign, installed","basis":"industry","label":"Window sign or vinyl graphics","source":"How Much Does a Business Sign Cost? (2026), HomeGuide","url":"https://homeguide.com/costs/business-sign-cost","note":"A-frame sidewalk signs run $100-$500; wall signs $500-$5,000. Value is a midpoint for window work.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.acoustic_treatment_per_sqft":{"value":12,"low":6,"high":20,"unit":"USD per square foot of treated surface","basis":"estimate","label":"Acoustic panels or treatment, installed","source":"How Much Does it Cost to Install an Acoustic Ceiling? (Acoustical Surfaces, Feb 25 2026)","url":"https://www.acousticalsurfaces.com/blog/soundproofing/how-much-does-it-cost-to-install-an-acoustic-ceiling/","note":"Vendor cites installed $6-$20/sf, average $10-$14, direct-mount panels $6-$16. Small rooms cost more per foot. Vendor page, not a venue consultant.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout","corrected":true},"cost.acoustic_basic_panels_per_sqft":{"value":3.5,"low":2,"high":5,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Basic absorptive wall panels, consumer price points","source":"How Much Does It Cost to Soundproof a Room? (HomeAdvisor, updated June 19 2026)","url":"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/walls-and-ceilings/soundproof-a-room/","note":"Foam, mineral wool or fabric-wrapped panels with no price split. Confirm flame-spread ratings with the local fire marshal before using in an assembly room.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.soundproofing_wall_per_sqft":{"value":5,"low":1,"high":10,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Wall soundproofing add-ons (mass-loaded vinyl, extra drywall, resilient channel)","source":"How Much Does It Cost to Soundproof a Room? (HomeAdvisor, updated June 19 2026)","url":"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/walls-and-ceilings/soundproof-a-room/","note":"Consumer-scale prices; mass-loaded vinyl $2-$5/sf. Isolation for amplified music needs an acoustical consultant; no venue-specific price found.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.acoustic_treatment_lump_sum_small_club":{"value":6000,"low":2000,"high":10000,"unit":"USD total","basis":"estimate","label":"Acoustic treatment lump sum for a small bar or club","source":"Bar & Lounge Buildout Cost 2026 (customhome.us, Feb 19 2026)","url":"https://www.customhome.us/blog/bar-lounge-buildout-bay-area","note":"Implied by sound system $8,000-$30,000 versus system plus acoustic treatment $10,000-$40,000. Bay Area bar-lounge scale, not a live-music hall.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.queue_and_barricade":{"value":150,"low":150,"high":170,"unit":"USD per section","basis":"estimate","label":"Steel interlocking crowd barricade, 8.5 ft section","source":"Crowd Control Barricades (Global Industrial)","url":"https://www.globalindustrial.com/c/safety/crowd_control/crowd_control_barricades","note":"Global Industrial $149.95; Queue Solutions CrowdMaster from $169.95; 100 in long, 43 in tall. No pack pricing shown; freight extra, and steel tariffs may lift prices.","confidence":"high","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"a retailer's listed barricade prices","corrected":true},"cost.queue_stanchion_twin_pack":{"value":394,"low":370,"high":479,"unit":"USD per twin pack","basis":"published","label":"Post-and-rope stanchion twin pack (2 posts, 6-ft rope)","source":"Lawrence Classic Post and Rope Stanchion Twin Pack (Lawrence Metal)","url":"https://lawrencemetal.com/product/lawrence-classic-post-rope-stanchion-twin-pack-set/","note":"Classic set $394 on sale ($479 list); sphere set $370; extra velour rope from $105. Cheaper imported sets exist but were not verified.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.rain_canopy_entrance":{"value":8000,"low":2000,"high":20000,"unit":"USD installed","basis":"estimate","label":"Fixed entrance canopy or awning over the queue","source":"How Much Does a Metal Awning Cost to Install? (Angi, updated Aug 3 2026)","url":"https://www.angi.com/articles/metal-awning-cost.htm","note":"Estimate: Angi puts metal awnings at $9-$25/sf installed (residential; 12x10 patio $1,500-$4,500); commercial spans add engineering and permits. No commercial canopy price found.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.green_room_buildout":{"value":12000,"low":6000,"high":25000,"unit":"USD for a roughly 150-200 sq ft room","basis":"estimate","label":"Furnishing and finishing a small green room","source":"Course assumption, with the furniture priced from retail listings (IKEA US, Global Industrial)","url":"","note":"A course assumption: about $2,500 to $7,000 of furniture plus paint, floor, lighting and outlets. No price for a venue green room was found.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","tag":"course assumption","corrected":true},"cost.green_room.sofa_3seat":{"value":1099,"low":799,"high":1299,"unit":"USD per sofa","basis":"published","label":"Three-seat sofa, retail","source":"Sofas (IKEA US)","url":"https://www.ikea.com/us/en/cat/sofas-fu003/","note":"Listed three-seaters at $799 to $1,299 (one on sale from $1,699). Residential-grade; venue-grade seating costs more.","confidence":"high","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.green_room.coffee_table":{"value":200,"low":30,"high":450,"unit":"USD per table","basis":"published","label":"Coffee table, retail","source":"Coffee and sofa tables (IKEA US)","url":"https://www.ikea.com/us/en/cat/coffee-sofa-tables-10705/","note":"Listings ran $29.99 to $449.99; the most common price point was about $199.99.","confidence":"high","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.green_room.compact_fridge":{"value":300,"low":260,"high":420,"unit":"USD per unit","basis":"published","label":"Compact refrigerator, 3 to 4.5 cu ft","source":"Mini Fridges (Global Industrial)","url":"https://www.globalindustrial.com/c/foodservice/appliances/refrigerators_freezers/refrigerators/mini_fridges","note":"Visible listings in this size ran $259.95 to $419.95; median about $300. Page showed 10 of 36 results.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.green_room.furnishings_only":{"value":4000,"low":2500,"high":7000,"unit":"USD","basis":"estimate","label":"Green room furnishings only, no construction","source":"Sofas (IKEA US)","url":"https://www.ikea.com/us/en/cat/sofas-fu003/","note":"Two sofas, table, compact fridge and garment rack total about $2,850 from sourced prices; the rest covers unsourced chairs, mirror and lighting.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.general_renovation_per_sqft":{"value":175,"low":90,"high":350,"unit":"USD per square foot, 2026 dollars, hard costs","basis":"estimate","label":"Nashville bar or club build-out, second-generation space, no full kitchen, hard costs","source":"Tenant Improvement Buildout Costs (Terrapin Construction Group, updated July 2026)","url":"https://terrapincg.com/news/tenant-improvement-buildout-costs-commercial-retail-2026","note":"Second-generation space, hard costs only.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout","corrected":true},"cost.reno.restaurant_full_service_hard_cost":{"value":300,"low":200,"high":400,"unit":"USD per gross square foot, hard costs","basis":"industry","label":"Full-service restaurant (bars included) hard cost, second-generation space","source":"Tenant Improvement Buildout Costs (Terrapin Construction Group, updated July 2026)","url":"https://terrapincg.com/news/tenant-improvement-buildout-costs-commercial-retail-2026","note":"Contractor range, hard costs only, average shell; no separate bar category. Page groups Nashville with lower-cost Southeast metros for retail. Value is the midpoint.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.reno.icc_bvd_a2_nightclub":{"value":250.89,"low":205.58,"high":277.44,"unit":"USD per square foot (value is type IIB; low is VB, high is IA)","basis":"published","label":"ICC permit-valuation average, A-2 nightclub, new construction","source":"ICC Building Valuation Data, February 2026 (2024 IBC), hosted by City of Boise","url":"https://www.cityofboise.org/media/20006/icc_building_valuation_data_feb_2026.pdf","note":"Average cost of new buildings used to set permit fees. ICC says it is not for alterations or estimating; Metro Nashville adoption not verified.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.reno.icc_bvd_a2_restaurant_bar":{"value":249.89,"low":204.58,"high":276.44,"unit":"USD per square foot (value is type IIB; low is VB, high is IA)","basis":"published","label":"ICC permit-valuation average, A-2 restaurants, bars, banquet halls, new construction","source":"ICC Building Valuation Data, February 2026 (2024 IBC), hosted by City of Boise","url":"https://www.cityofboise.org/media/20006/icc_building_valuation_data_feb_2026.pdf","note":"Same table, same caveats: new-building averages, excludes land, not an estimating guide. Type IIIB is $227.61.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.reno.icc_bvd_a1_theater_with_stage":{"value":321.01,"low":269.61,"high":357.33,"unit":"USD per square foot (value is type IIB; low is VB, high is IA)","basis":"published","label":"ICC permit-valuation average, A-1 theater with stage, new construction","source":"ICC Building Valuation Data, February 2026 (2024 IBC), hosted by City of Boise","url":"https://www.cityofboise.org/media/20006/icc_building_valuation_data_feb_2026.pdf","note":"Theater without stage is $292.25 (IIB), range $240.61-$328.57. Use as a small-theater reference for a seated room, not a renovation price.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.reno.second_gen_tenant_adds":{"value":null,"low":25,"high":200,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Tenant spend in second-generation space","source":"Tenant Improvement Buildout Costs (Terrapin Construction Group, updated July 2026)","url":"https://terrapincg.com/news/tenant-improvement-buildout-costs-commercial-retail-2026","note":"Page gives only a wide range, $25 to $200+, depending on layout fit. Existing electrical, HVAC and restroom capacity is often undersized. No typical value given.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.reno.cold_dark_shell_tenant_adds":{"value":null,"low":60,"high":130,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Tenant spend in a cold dark shell","source":"Tenant Improvement Buildout Costs (Terrapin Construction Group, updated July 2026)","url":"https://terrapincg.com/news/tenant-improvement-buildout-costs-commercial-retail-2026","note":"Per Terrapin; the table is retail-oriented, so a club scope will differ. Page says cold shell can cost 30-50% more than vanilla shell.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.reno.soft_cost_and_contingency_pct":{"value":19,"low":13,"high":25,"unit":"percent of hard cost","basis":"industry","label":"Soft costs plus contingency on top of hard costs","source":"Tenant Improvement Buildout Costs (Terrapin Construction Group, updated July 2026)","url":"https://terrapincg.com/news/tenant-improvement-buildout-costs-commercial-retail-2026","note":"Soft costs 8-15% plus contingency 5-10%; I summed them for the range. Cabaret Design also advises at least 10% bar contingency.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.reno.restaurant_ti_other_contractor_guides":{"value":null,"low":150,"high":500,"unit":"USD per square foot","basis":"industry","label":"Other contractor guides, restaurant tenant improvement or renovation","source":"Average Cost of Restaurant Tenant Improvements (JDJ Consulting, Mar 16 2026)","url":"https://jdj-consulting.com/average-cost-of-restaurant-tenant-improvements/","note":"JDJ gives $150-$400/sf (casual dining $200-$600); EB3 Construction, Sept 2025, gives $200-$500/sf for renovations. Neither prices bars separately.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.reno.bar_club_all_in_bay_area":{"value":450,"low":350,"high":550,"unit":"USD per square foot, includes equipment, FF&E, permits, design","basis":"industry","label":"Nightclub or high-volume venue, all-in, Bay Area","source":"Bar & Lounge Buildout Cost 2026 (customhome.us, Feb 19 2026)","url":"https://www.customhome.us/blog/bar-lounge-buildout-bay-area","note":"High-cost market, all-in scope; neighborhood bar $200-$350/sf; second-generation space cuts construction 25-40%. Upper reference only for Nashville.","confidence":"low","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.case.basement_east_rehab_permit_value":{"value":710000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD, 2020 permit value","basis":"published","label":"Basement East, Nashville, post-tornado rehab permit value (about 475 capacity)","source":"The Basement East Could Reopen by Year's End (Nashville Scene, Apr 29 2020)","url":"https://www.nashvillescene.com/music/nashvillecream/the-basement-east-could-reopen-by-year-s-end/article_b92bcadb-3eaf-5c27-9e0c-82863bf1777a.html","note":"Back and west walls and much of the roof were lost; main floor and facade kept. About $1,500 per capacity seat in 2020 dollars. Floor area not given.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.tariff.materials_increase_vs_2024_pct":{"value":6,"low":null,"high":9,"unit":"percent","basis":"industry","label":"Tariff effect on construction materials cost versus 2024","source":"The Impact of Tariffs on CRE Construction Costs (Cushman & Wakefield)","url":"https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/united-states/insights/the-impact-of-tariffs-on-cre-construction-costs","note":"Estimate at tariff rates as of April 7, 2026 versus a 2024 baseline; the summer 2025 peak scenario was 9.0%.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.tariff.total_project_increase_pct":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent","basis":"industry","label":"Tariff effect on total project cost versus 2024","source":"The Impact of Tariffs on CRE Construction Costs (Cushman & Wakefield)","url":"https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/united-states/insights/the-impact-of-tariffs-on-cre-construction-costs","note":"Same estimate, tariff rates as of April 7, 2026. A commercial real estate average; metal-heavy lines such as steel gear and aluminum decks may move more.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.tariff.jll_final_cost_yoy_pct":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent per year","basis":"industry","label":"US construction final-cost indices, year over year, mid-2026","source":"2026 Midyear US Construction Perspective (JLL, Jul 7 2026)","url":"https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/2026-midyear-us-construction-perspective","note":"Indices including contractor margins run about 5%; materials inputs up about 6.4%. Copper about +36%, aluminum +45%, hot-rolled steel +27% year over year.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.tariff.nonres_inputs_2025_pct":{"value":3.2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent, calendar 2025","basis":"industry","label":"Nonresidential construction input prices, 2025","source":"Nonresidential construction costs 2025 producer price index (Facilities Dive, Feb 4 2026)","url":"https://www.facilitiesdive.com/news/tariffs-nonresidential-construction-costs-2025-producer-price-index/811333/","note":"Government producer price data; article attributes the rise largely to tariffs. Copper wire and cable rose 22% in 2025.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.tariff.steel_mill_products_2025_pct":{"value":17,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent, calendar 2025","basis":"industry","label":"Steel mill products price change, 2025","source":"Nonresidential construction costs 2025 producer price index (Facilities Dive, Feb 4 2026)","url":"https://www.facilitiesdive.com/news/tariffs-nonresidential-construction-costs-2025-producer-price-index/811333/","note":"Steepest annual rise since 2022; relevant to barricades, stanchions, stage framing and rigging. Tariff on steel mill products is 50%.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.tariff.aluminum_mill_shapes_2025_pct":{"value":30.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent","basis":"industry","label":"Aluminum mill shapes price change, Dec 2024 to Dec 2025","source":"Nonresidential construction costs 2025 producer price index (Facilities Dive, Feb 4 2026)","url":"https://www.facilitiesdive.com/news/tariffs-nonresidential-construction-costs-2025-producer-price-index/811333/","note":"Largest year-over-year jump since early 2022; relevant to portable staging, truss and railings. Aluminum tariff is 50%.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.tariff.section232_metals_rate_pct":{"value":50,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent","basis":"published","label":"Section 232 tariff rate on steel, aluminum and copper products","source":"2026 Midyear US Construction Perspective (JLL, Jul 7 2026)","url":"https://www.jll.com/en-us/insights/2026-midyear-us-construction-perspective","note":"JLL says the rate has no statutory ceiling or expiration; some furniture parts and steel racks also face 50%. Rates can change, so re-check before each class.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.escalation.nashville_yoy_pct":{"value":4.79,"low":4.12,"high":4.79,"unit":"percent per year (Q1 2026; low is Q3 2025)","basis":"industry","label":"Nashville construction cost index, year over year","source":"RLB Construction Cost Report, East, Q1 2026 (Rider Levett Bucknall, Mar 19 2026)","url":"https://www.rlb.com/americas/insight/rlb-construction-cost-report-east-q1-2026/","note":"Nashville 4.12% in Q3 2025 and 4.50% in Q4 2025, versus national averages near 4.4%. The Q1 2026 page cites labor pressure and does not mention tariffs.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"cost.escalation.national_yoy_pct":{"value":4.41,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"percent per year","basis":"industry","label":"US national average construction cost change, year over year, Q1 2026","source":"RLB Construction Cost Report, East, Q1 2026 (Rider Levett Bucknall, Mar 19 2026)","url":"https://www.rlb.com/americas/insight/rlb-construction-cost-report-east-q1-2026/","note":"Use with the Nashville figure to escalate older published prices, such as the 2022 bar budget, to 2026 dollars.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r6-buildout"},"rooms.small_four":{"value":397.5,"low":200,"high":500,"unit":"people (median capacity of the four rooms)","basis":"published","label":"Four real rooms of 150-500 capacity (Basement East, Cafe du Nord, The Independent, Bourbon Street)","source":"Cafe du Nord venue info (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/venue-info/","note":"Basement East 475, Cafe du Nord 320, Independent 500, Bourbon Street 200 seats. Per-room facts are in rooms.small.* rows; FOH distance published only for the Independent.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid_four":{"value":1075,"low":1050,"high":1200,"unit":"people (median capacity of the four rooms)","basis":"published","label":"Four real rooms of 501-1,200 capacity (Orange Peel, Metro, Brooklyn Bowl Nashville, Treefort)","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Orange Peel 1,050, Metro 1,100, Brooklyn Bowl Nashville 1,200, Treefort 1,050. All sit at the top of the class; Neumos (750) and Bowery (575-650) are in rooms.mid.* as lower-half examples.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large_four":{"value":2054,"low":1500,"high":2362,"unit":"people (median capacity of the four rooms)","basis":"published","label":"Four real rooms of 1,201-3,000 capacity (Crystal Ballroom, Ryman, Orpheum Memphis, Marathon Music Works)","source":"Crystal Ballroom FAQ (venue page)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/frequently-asked-questions/","note":"Crystal 1,500 standing, Marathon over 1,800 standing, Orpheum Memphis 2,308 seats (Wikipedia), Ryman 2,362 seats. Per-room facts are in rooms.large.* rows.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap":{"value":10.1,"low":4.7,"high":16.7,"unit":"sq ft per person of capacity (median of 12 main-room pairs)","basis":"estimate","label":"Square feet of room floor area per person of published capacity, all size classes (main-room figures only)","source":"Swedish American Hall: Cafe du Nord space (rental page)","url":"https://www.swedishamericanhall.com/spaces/cafe-du-nord","note":"Median of 12 venue-published room-area and capacity pairs: 4.7 (packed ballroom) to 16.7. Ratio falls as rooms grow; see the by-class rows. Marketing figures, not drawings.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap.small":{"value":13.4,"low":9.8,"high":16.7,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"estimate","label":"Floor area per capacity person, small rooms (150-500)","source":"Swedish American Hall: Cafe du Nord space (rental page)","url":"https://www.swedishamericanhall.com/spaces/cafe-du-nord","note":"Median of six pairs: Cafe du Nord 14.1, Swedish American Hall 12.7, The Lodge 9.8, Basement East 10.5, Analog 16.7, Bourbon Street 15.0 (per floor, seats).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap.mid":{"value":8.85,"low":8.1,"high":13.2,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"estimate","label":"Floor area per capacity person, mid-size rooms (501-1,200)","source":"Treefort Music Hall private events (venue page)","url":"https://treefortmusichall.com/private-events/","note":"Median of four: Orange Peel 8.1, Treefort 8.2, Social Hall SF 9.5, Topgolf hall 13.2 (two stories, seated). Standing rooms near 8; seated or multi-level rooms higher.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap.large_ballroom_main_room":{"value":4.9,"low":4.7,"high":5,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"estimate","label":"Floor area per capacity person, large single ballrooms (1,201-3,000), room only","source":"Crystal Ballroom event rental (venue page)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/event-rental/","note":"Crystal Ballroom 7,500 sq ft for 1,500 standing is 5.0; Regency Ballroom 6,600 for 1,400 is 4.7. Tightest ratios found; likely count balcony space and run near code density.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap.large_building_total":{"value":14,"low":11.1,"high":19.4,"unit":"sq ft per person (gross building)","basis":"estimate","label":"Whole-building area per capacity person, large converted or multi-room venues (1,201-3,000)","source":"Brooklyn Steel opens with L-Acoustics (ProSoundWeb)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/brooklyn-steel-live-music-venue-opens-with-l-acoustics/","note":"Brooklyn Steel 11.1, Hammerstein 14.0, Fillmore Silver Spring 14.0, Marathon 19.4 (35,000 sq ft over 1,800). Includes lobbies and back of house, so not room-only.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap.above_class_building_total":{"value":12,"low":9,"high":15.2,"unit":"sq ft per person (gross building)","basis":"estimate","label":"Whole-building area per capacity person, venues above 3,000","source":"Mission Ballroom about page (venue page)","url":"https://www.missionballroom.com/about","note":"Mission Ballroom 15.2 (60,000 sq ft, 3,950), Bomb Factory about 12 (48,000, over 4,000), Anthem 9.0 (54,000, 6,000). Gross area per head shrinks as rooms grow.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap.multi_use_complex":{"value":28.7,"low":25.8,"high":40,"unit":"sq ft per person (gross building)","basis":"estimate","label":"Whole-building area per capacity person where the music room sits inside a larger complex","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville project page (Aptitude, integrator)","url":"https://aptitudeii.com/projects/brooklyn-bowl-nashville/","note":"Fonda 31,000 for 1,200 is 25.8; House of Blues Houston 43,000 for 1,500 is 28.7; Brooklyn Bowl Nashville 48,000 for 1,200 is 40. Do not use for a stand-alone room.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap.nightclub_rule_of_thumb":{"value":17.5,"low":15,"high":20,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"industry","label":"Practitioner rule of thumb: sq ft per guest to plan a nightclub","source":"How to start a nightclub business (jim.com practitioner blog)","url":"https://www.jim.com/blog/how-to-start-a-nightclub-business","note":"A practitioner blog says plan 15 to 20 sq ft per guest (200 guests need 3,000 to 4,000 sq ft). Consistent with the small-room data; unsourced beyond the blog.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.sqft_per_cap.palladium_inconsistent":{"value":2.8,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per person","basis":"industry","label":"Warning pair: Hollywood Palladium dance-floor area per capacity person","source":"Hollywood Palladium (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Palladium","note":"About 11,200 sq ft (floor plus mezzanine) against about 4,000 capacity gives 2.8, below code density. A published area and capacity pair can be inconsistent; check what each counts.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_to_floor_ratio":{"value":9.3,"low":3.9,"high":12.5,"unit":"percent of room floor area","basis":"estimate","label":"Stage area as a share of the room floor area (rooms with both published)","source":"Swedish American Hall: Cafe du Nord space (rental page)","url":"https://www.swedishamericanhall.com/spaces/cafe-du-nord","note":"Median of seven: Cafe du Nord 5.3, Swedish American Hall 3.9, Basement East 9.6, Treefort 9.3, Crystal 8.9, Orange Peel 10 to 12, Bourbon Street 12.5 (one level).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_sqft_per_cap":{"value":0.7,"low":0.43,"high":1.01,"unit":"sq ft of stage per person of capacity","basis":"estimate","label":"Stage area per person of capacity","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville Production Tech and Advance Information (venue PDF, updated 2025-09-04)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Median of nine rooms, 0.43 (Bowery) to 1.01 (Basement East). Rule: about 0.7 sq ft of stage per capacity person; a 500-cap room gets roughly 350 sq ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.shape_notes":{"value":null,"low":1,"high":1.9,"unit":"ratio (width : depth)","basis":"estimate","label":"Typical width-to-depth proportion of converted warehouses, theaters and clubs (width measured along the stage wall)","source":"A Worthwhile Pursuit: New System for a Popular Nashville Live Venue (ProSoundWeb, 2025)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/a-worthwhile-pursuit-behind-the-scenes-on-a-new-system-for-a-popular-nashville-live-venue/","note":"Not found as a typical value. Only two published sizes: Bourbon Street 75 x 40 ft (1.9:1) and Grey Eagle about 45 x 45 ft. Plan 1:1 to 2:1.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.shape.bourbon_street_wd_ratio":{"value":1.9,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"ratio (width : depth)","basis":"industry","label":"Bourbon Street room proportion, width along stage wall to depth","source":"A Worthwhile Pursuit: New System for a Popular Nashville Live Venue (ProSoundWeb, 2025)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/a-worthwhile-pursuit-behind-the-scenes-on-a-new-system-for-a-popular-nashville-live-venue/","note":"Room about 75 x 40 x 30 ft over two stories; stage 25 x 15 ft on a side wall, 40 ft from stage back wall to audience back wall.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.shape.grey_eagle_wd_ratio":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"ratio (width : depth)","basis":"published","label":"Grey Eagle (Asheville) stated room proportion","source":"The Grey Eagle tech specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.thegreyeagle.com/tech-specs/","note":"Venue says room roughly 45 x 45 ft, stage 30 x 15 ft, rafters 7.5 ft above stage. Capacity unpublished; 2,025 sq ft looks too small, so caution.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.shape.crybaby_long_narrow":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"industry","label":"Crybaby (Oakland, 400 capacity) main room shape","source":"d&b audiotechnik at the heart of new Crybaby music venue in Oakland (ProSoundWeb, 2022)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/db-audiotechnik-at-the-heart-of-new-crybaby-music-venue-in-oakland/","note":"Article calls the main room narrow and long, so the install added a delay speaker plus mezzanine and bar-zone fills. Long and narrow raises sound and sightline cost per head.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.converted_building_types":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"What real rooms were before they were venues","source":"Cannery Ballroom (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannery_Ballroom","note":"Cannery: 1883 flour mill. Marathon: auto plant. Orange Peel: roller rink, bowling alley, auto-parts warehouse. Brooklyn Steel: steel shop. Union Transfer: farmers market. Metro: 1927 community center.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.basement_east.capacity":{"value":475,"low":475,"high":600,"unit":"people (standing)","basis":"industry","label":"The Basement East (Nashville) capacity","source":"Blown Away, Rising Again: Nashville's Basement East Rebuilds (Pollstar, 2021-01-08)","url":"https://news.pollstar.com/2021/01/08/blown-away-rising-again-nashvilles-basement-east-rebuilds-hopes-to-rebound-in-early-2021/","note":"Pollstar says 475; the venue's own contact page says 600. Published capacity is a range depending on source and layout, not one fact.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.basement_east.floor_sqft":{"value":5000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"industry","label":"The Basement East room size","source":"Blown Away, Rising Again: Nashville's Basement East Rebuilds (Pollstar, 2021-01-08)","url":"https://news.pollstar.com/2021/01/08/blown-away-rising-again-nashvilles-basement-east-rebuilds-hopes-to-rebound-in-early-2021/","note":"Pollstar's room-size figure; unclear whether it counts lobby, bars or patio. About 10.5 sq ft per person at 475.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.basement_east.stage_area_sqft":{"value":480,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"The Basement East stage area","source":"The Basement East tech specs (venue page, retrieved 2026-10-20)","url":"https://www.thebasementnashville.com/basement-east/tech-specs/","note":"Stage 30 ft wide x 16 ft deep, 36 in high. Sloping roof leaves 10 ft 2 in to 10 ft 5 in overhead; 11 ft back curtain.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.basement_east.green_rooms":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"rooms","basis":"published","label":"The Basement East green rooms","source":"The Basement East EPK (venue page)","url":"https://www.thebasementnashville.com/epk/","note":"Two lockable green rooms, each with a private bathroom; sizes not published. FOH distance, load-in method and bar count are not published.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.cafe_du_nord.capacity":{"value":320,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people (standing)","basis":"published","label":"Cafe du Nord (San Francisco) capacity","source":"Cafe du Nord venue info (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/venue-info/","note":"Venue says 320 standing and up to about 50 seated. Its rental page shows theater 100 and banquet 80 for the same room.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.cafe_du_nord.floor_sqft":{"value":4500,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Cafe du Nord room size","source":"Swedish American Hall: Cafe du Nord space (rental page)","url":"https://www.swedishamericanhall.com/spaces/cafe-du-nord","note":"Rental-page size; 14.1 sq ft per standing person. Ceiling is 12 ft on the rental page but 8 ft at stage (7 ft under lights) on the tech page.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.cafe_du_nord.stage_area_sqft":{"value":240,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Cafe du Nord stage area","source":"Cafe du Nord venue info (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/venue-info/","note":"Stage 20 ft wide x 12 ft deep, 2 ft high, about 5.3% of the room. Stage stairs upstage left.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.cafe_du_nord.bars":{"value":1,"low":1,"high":2,"unit":"bars (front bar; 1 to 2)","basis":"published","label":"Cafe du Nord bars","source":"Cafe du Nord venue info (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/venue-info/","note":"A 55-ft front bar. A mirrored back bar is also listed, which may be shelving, so the count is 1 to 2.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.cafe_du_nord.green_rooms":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"rooms","basis":"published","label":"Cafe du Nord green rooms","source":"Cafe du Nord tech specs (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/tech-specs/","note":"One green room with its own bathroom and direct stage access. Size not published.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.cafe_du_nord.columns_and_loadin":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"Cafe du Nord columns and load-in","source":"Cafe du Nord venue info (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/venue-info/","note":"A row of square paneled columns splits the room (count unpublished). Basement room: staircase from Market St; elevator through the Swedish American Hall entrance with staff help.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.independent.capacity":{"value":500,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people","basis":"published","label":"The Independent (San Francisco) capacity","source":"The Independent venue info (venue page)","url":"https://theindependentsf.com/venue-info/","note":"Venue calls itself an intimate 500-capacity club; standing versus seated not stated. Stage dimensions are not published.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.independent.foh_distance_ft":{"value":50,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"The Independent FOH distance from downstage edge","source":"The Independent tech specs: sound (venue page)","url":"https://www.theindependentsf.com/tech-specs/sound/","note":"Raised 'crow's nest' mix position, 15 x 9 ft, 9 ft above the main floor, about 50 ft from the downstage edge, between the mains, via VIP mezzanine.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.independent.loadin":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"The Independent load-in","source":"The Independent tech specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.theindependentsf.com/tech-specs/","note":"Load-in through double doors at the front of the club at floor level; no ramp or stairs mentioned. Push distance not published.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.bourbon_street.capacity":{"value":200,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seats","basis":"industry","label":"Bourbon Street Blues and Boogie Bar (Nashville) seating capacity","source":"A Worthwhile Pursuit: New System for a Popular Nashville Live Venue (ProSoundWeb, 2025)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/a-worthwhile-pursuit-behind-the-scenes-on-a-new-system-for-a-popular-nashville-live-venue/","note":"Article says seating up to 200 in a honky-tonk and blues bar; standing capacity not stated.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.bourbon_street.footprint_sqft":{"value":3000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per level","basis":"estimate","label":"Bourbon Street room footprint per level (derived)","source":"A Worthwhile Pursuit: New System for a Popular Nashville Live Venue (ProSoundWeb, 2025)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/a-worthwhile-pursuit-behind-the-scenes-on-a-new-system-for-a-popular-nashville-live-venue/","note":"Room about 75 x 40 ft and 30 ft tall over two stories (published); 3,000 sq ft is that multiplied out. Balcony seating wraps close to the stage.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms","corrected":true},"rooms.small.bourbon_street.stage_area_sqft":{"value":375,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"industry","label":"Bourbon Street stage area","source":"A Worthwhile Pursuit: New System for a Popular Nashville Live Venue (ProSoundWeb, 2025)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/a-worthwhile-pursuit-behind-the-scenes-on-a-new-system-for-a-popular-nashville-live-venue/","note":"Stage 25 ft wide x 15 ft deep on a side wall, about 12.5% of one level; balcony seats sit a few feet from the musicians.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.subterranean.stage_area_sqft":{"value":null,"low":280,"high":420,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Subterranean (Chicago) stage area","source":"Subterranean private parties (venue page)","url":"https://subt.net/private-parties/","note":"Pages disagree: Main Room stage 20 x 14 ft (280 sq ft, party page) versus 30 x 14 ft x 30 in (420 sq ft, spec page). Two bars.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.beat_kitchen.stage_area_sqft":{"value":280,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Beat Kitchen (Chicago) stage area","source":"Beat Kitchen venue specs (venue page)","url":"https://beatkitchen.com/venue-specs/","note":"Stage 20 x 14 ft, 2 ft 8 in high (page does not say which is width). Capacity not on the page.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.hi_dive.stage_area_sqft":{"value":256,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Hi-Dive (Denver) stage area","source":"Hi-Dive facilities (venue page)","url":"https://hi-dive.com/facilities/","note":"Stage 16 ft wide x 16 ft deep, raised 3 ft. Capacity, FOH and load-in are not published on the page.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.analog.floor_sqft":{"value":5000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"industry","label":"Analog at the Hutton Hotel (Nashville) room size","source":"Clair Solutions installs Bose components in Analog at Nashville's Hutton Hotel (ProSoundWeb, 2019)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/clair-solutions-installs-bose-professional-components-in-new-music-venue-analog-in-nashvilles-hutton-hotel/","note":"About 5,000 sq ft; usually 160 seated, 300 maximum. Stage 18 in high; two upper VIP areas overlook the stage; center section two stories high.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.swedish_american_hall_upstairs.floor_sqft":{"value":3800,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Swedish American Hall upstairs (San Francisco) room size","source":"Swedish American Hall: Freja and Balder Hall (rental page)","url":"https://www.swedishamericanhall.com/spaces/swedish-american-hall","note":"Standing reception 300; ceiling 24 ft; stage 9 x 17 ft, 21 in high; carved-wood balconies and a mezzanine. Rental configuration, not a concert license.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.small.lodge_sf.floor_sqft":{"value":2925,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"The Lodge (Regency complex, San Francisco) room size","source":"The Regency Ballroom rental info (Goldenvoice venue page)","url":"https://www.theregencyballroom.com/rental-info","note":"Maximum 300, theater 300, banquet 240. About 9.8 sq ft per maximum person; rental-page figures.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.orange_peel.capacity":{"value":1050,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people (standing)","basis":"published","label":"The Orange Peel (Asheville) capacity","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Venue says 1,050 standing; most shows are standing with 30 to 50 perimeter stools and side-wall reserved seats. Former roller rink and auto-parts warehouse.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.orange_peel.floor_sqft":{"value":8500,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (over 8,500)","basis":"published","label":"The Orange Peel event-space size","source":"The Orange Peel venue rental (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/venue-rental/","note":"Rental page says total space over 8,500 sq ft, with a 46-ft bar; unclear if it includes the lobby or the basement PULP bar. About 8.1 sq ft per person.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.orange_peel.stage_area_sqft":{"value":1008,"low":854,"high":1008,"unit":"sq ft (36 x 28 ft; rear half 25 ft wide)","basis":"published","label":"The Orange Peel stage area","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Proscenium-style stage 36 x 28 ft, 4 ft high; the rear half is only 25 ft wide, so true area is nearer 850 sq ft.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.orange_peel.foh_distance_ft":{"value":45,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"The Orange Peel mix position distance","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Mix position at center, 45 ft from stage, with no obstructions. Metro, at a similar 1,100 capacity, puts its desk at 25 ft.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.orange_peel.loadin_and_dressing":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"dressing rooms","basis":"published","label":"The Orange Peel load-in and dressing rooms","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Load-in on Hilliard Ave to a freight elevator that lands at stage level. Two dressing rooms, each with its own shower and bath; sizes not published.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.orange_peel.bars":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"bars (main level)","basis":"published","label":"The Orange Peel bars","source":"The Orange Peel FAQs (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/faqs/","note":"Two bars on the main level serve beer, wine and soft drinks; a separate full-liquor bar (PULP) is in the basement. Smoking deck right of stage.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.metro.capacity":{"value":1100,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people (floor plus balcony)","basis":"industry","label":"Metro (Chicago) capacity","source":"Metro (Chicago) (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Chicago","note":"Wikipedia: 1,100 split between main floor and balcony; the Smart Bar below holds 400. Venue's own page lists no capacity; building dates from 1927.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.metro.stage_area_sqft":{"value":510,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (30 x 17 ft)","basis":"published","label":"Metro stage area","source":"Metro Chicago production page (venue page)","url":"https://metrochicago.com/?p=1119","note":"Stage 30 ft wide x 17 ft deep, deck 3 ft 7.5 in above floor; risers in 9, 17, 23 and 41 in heights.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.metro.foh_distance_ft":{"value":25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Metro mix position distance","source":"Metro Chicago production page (venue page)","url":"https://metrochicago.com/?p=1119","note":"Mix position center, 25 ft from stage; the closest FOH in this data set. Balcony has separate d&b fill speakers.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.metro.loadin_stairs":{"value":12,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"steps","basis":"published","label":"Metro load-in stairs","source":"Metro Chicago: Parking and Load In Info (venue PDF)","url":"https://metrochicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/METRO-LOAD-IN.pdf","note":"Lobby push 63 ft to a 12-ft-wide staircase: 10 stairs, a landing, 2 more to the main floor; 7 ft clearance. Doors about 5.5 ft wide.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.metro.dressing_rooms":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"rooms (2 dressing + 1 private)","basis":"published","label":"Metro dressing rooms","source":"Metro Chicago: Green Room Map and Parking (venue PDF)","url":"https://metrochicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Green-Room-Map-and-Parking.pdf","note":"Map legend lists dressing rooms 1 and 2, a private dressing room, private washroom and an office. Room sizes not published.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.brooklyn_bowl_nashville.capacity":{"value":1200,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people (whole facility)","basis":"published","label":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville capacity","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville project page (Aptitude, integrator)","url":"https://aptitudeii.com/projects/brooklyn-bowl-nashville/","note":"Integrator page gives 1,200 for the whole 19-lane facility; the tech pack lists no capacity. Other trade press quotes 1,200 for the music hall.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.brooklyn_bowl_nashville.building_sqft":{"value":48000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (gross, two floors)","basis":"published","label":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville building area","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville project page (Aptitude, integrator)","url":"https://aptitudeii.com/projects/brooklyn-bowl-nashville/","note":"Whole building including 19 bowling lanes on two floors; not comparable to a single-room floor area.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.brooklyn_bowl_nashville.stage_area_sqft":{"value":798,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (38 x 21 ft)","basis":"published","label":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville stage area","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville Production Tech and Advance Information (venue PDF, updated 2025-09-04)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Stage 38 x 21 ft at 48 in, plus 7 x 21 ft wings each side (about 1,092 sq ft total); truss clearance 19 ft; barricade 3 ft from edge.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.brooklyn_bowl_nashville.loadin_push_ft":{"value":50,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville load-in push","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville Production Tech and Advance Information (venue PDF, updated 2025-09-04)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Ground-level roll-up door 10.25 ft high x 10 ft wide, then a 50 ft push up a ramp to stage left (ramp 40 in wide, 8 ft tall).","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.brooklyn_bowl_nashville.green_rooms":{"value":2,"low":200,"high":230,"unit":"rooms (10 x 23 ft and 10 x 20 ft)","basis":"published","label":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville green rooms","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville Production Tech and Advance Information (venue PDF, updated 2025-09-04)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Two green rooms (230 and 200 sq ft), each with restroom and shower, plus a 6 x 8.5 ft tour office. Merch sells back right; backstage storage very limited.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.treefort.capacity":{"value":1050,"low":1041,"high":1050,"unit":"people (standing)","basis":"published","label":"Treefort Music Hall (Boise) capacity","source":"Treefort Music Hall private events (venue page)","url":"https://treefortmusichall.com/private-events/","note":"Tech page says 1,041 standing; private-events page says roughly 1,050 standing or 300 to 400 seated. One bar; balcony access.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.treefort.floor_sqft":{"value":8570,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Treefort Music Hall size","source":"Treefort Music Hall private events (venue page)","url":"https://treefortmusichall.com/private-events/","note":"Venue states about 8,570 sq ft for the music hall; 8.2 sq ft per standing person. Ceiling is 13 ft above stage.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.treefort.stage_area_sqft":{"value":800,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (40 x 20 ft)","basis":"published","label":"Treefort Music Hall stage area","source":"Treefort Music Hall tech specs (venue page)","url":"https://treefortmusichall.com/venue/specs/","note":"Stage 40 x 20 x 4 ft high plus 10 ft of wing space on both sides; stage is about 9.3% of the room.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.treefort.foh_booth_sqft":{"value":160,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (8 x 20 ft)","basis":"published","label":"Treefort Music Hall FOH booth footprint","source":"Treefort Music Hall tech specs (venue page)","url":"https://treefortmusichall.com/venue/specs/","note":"FOH booth 8 x 20 ft; its distance from the stage is not published.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.treefort.loadin_push_ft":{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Treefort Music Hall load-in push","source":"Treefort Music Hall tech specs (venue page)","url":"https://treefortmusichall.com/venue/specs/","note":"A 100 ft push with a two-hour maximum load-in from the street; two lockable green rooms with showers and private bathrooms.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.neumos.capacity":{"value":750,"low":650,"high":750,"unit":"people","basis":"published","label":"Neumos (Seattle) capacity","source":"Neumos private events (venue page)","url":"https://www.neumos.com/info/private-events","note":"Private-events page: 750 guests, with three full bars (two lower level, one on the mezzanine) and a balcony per the history page. Concert capacity often quoted near 650.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.neumos.stage_area_sqft":{"value":528,"low":376,"high":528,"unit":"sq ft (32 x 16.5 ft)","basis":"published","label":"Neumos stage area after 2017 renovation","source":"Neumos venue specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.neumos.com/info/venue-specs","note":"Current stage 32 x 16.5 x 3.5 ft; the 2015 tech pack listed 23.5 x 16 x 3 ft (376 sq ft), so it grew about 40%. Ceiling 16 ft.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.bowery_ballroom.capacity":{"value":600,"low":575,"high":650,"unit":"people (standing)","basis":"published","label":"Bowery Ballroom (New York) capacity","source":"Bowery Ballroom private events (Mercury East venue page)","url":"http://www.mercuryeastpresents.com/boweryballroom/private-events/","note":"Mercury East's Bowery page says 600; its general events page says 650 standing; Wikipedia says 575. Three levels; main-room ceiling 24 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.bowery_ballroom.stage_area_sqft":{"value":280,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (about 20 x 14 ft)","basis":"published","label":"Bowery Ballroom stage area","source":"Bowery Ballroom private events (Mercury East venue page)","url":"http://www.mercuryeastpresents.com/boweryballroom/private-events/","note":"Stage roughly 20 x 14 x 4 ft (dimension order not stated). The mezzanine adds about 1,000 sq ft of standing room and cafe seating.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.bowery_ballroom.bars":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"bars","basis":"published","label":"Bowery Ballroom bars","source":"Bowery Ballroom private events (Mercury East venue page)","url":"http://www.mercuryeastpresents.com/boweryballroom/private-events/","note":"A 50-ft horseshoe bar in the lower Lounge, a full bar in the Ballroom and another on the mezzanine (about 1,000 sq ft of standing room).","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.white_oak_downstairs.stage_area_sqft":{"value":704,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (32 x 22 ft)","basis":"published","label":"White Oak Music Hall Downstairs (Houston) stage area","source":"White Oak Music Hall tech specs (venue page)","url":"https://whiteoakmusichall.com/tech-specs/","note":"Stage 22 ft deep x 32 ft wide x 4 ft tall. Its About page lists a ground floor, interior mezzanine, two exterior balconies, 300 to 1,000-plus attendees.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.social_hall_sf.floor_sqft":{"value":5700,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Social Hall (Regency complex, San Francisco) room size","source":"The Regency Ballroom rental info (Goldenvoice venue page)","url":"https://www.theregencyballroom.com/rental-info","note":"Maximum 600, theater 400, banquet 350; about 9.5 sq ft per maximum person. Rental-page numbers.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.topgolf_hall.floor_sqft":{"value":7900,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (two-story)","basis":"industry","label":"Topgolf Nashville Concert Hall room size","source":"J Sound outfits Topgolf's Nashville Concert Hall (ProSoundWeb, 2018)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/j-sound-outfits-topgolfs-nashville-concert-hall-with-nexo-and-yamaha/","note":"About 7,900 sq ft over two stories for about 600 seats, so 13.2 sq ft per seat; second-level VIP deck overlooks the open floor.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.mid.bars_union_930_showbox":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"bars each","basis":"published","label":"Bar counts at Union Transfer, 9:30 Club and Showbox","source":"Union Transfer private events (venue page)","url":"https://utphilly.com/private-events","note":"Union Transfer: four bars in the large lobby (200 to 1,200 events). 9:30 Club: four full bars plus coffee bar. Showbox: four full bars for 1,100 standing.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.crystal_ballroom.capacity":{"value":1500,"low":850,"high":1500,"unit":"people (standing; low = seated)","basis":"published","label":"Crystal Ballroom (Portland) capacity","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"1,500 standing, 850 seated per FAQ, on the 3rd floor with a floating dance floor and 60 reserved balcony seats. Group-meeting capacity is only 1,000.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.crystal_ballroom.floor_sqft":{"value":7500,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"Crystal Ballroom main space","source":"Crystal Ballroom event rental (venue page)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/event-rental/","note":"Rental page: main space about 7,500 sq ft. At 1,500 standing that is 5.0 sq ft per person, the tightest ratio in the set.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.crystal_ballroom.stage_area_sqft":{"value":668,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (trapezoid)","basis":"published","label":"Crystal Ballroom stage area","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Stage 33 ft wide downstage tapering to 16 ft 10 in upstage, 26 ft 8.5 in deep, deck 46 in above the floor; about 8.9% of the room.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.crystal_ballroom.foh_distance_ft":{"value":42.9,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Crystal Ballroom FOH distance from downstage edge","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"FOH 42 ft 11 in from the downstage edge, 12 ft 6 in off center, platform 12 ft 4 in x 8 ft 4 in (about 103 sq ft).","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.crystal_ballroom.loadin_push_ft":{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Crystal Ballroom load-in push after the elevator","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Main doors, freight elevator (4 x 5 x 8 ft, door 3 ft 10 in x 7 ft, 2,100 lb) to floor 3, then about 100 ft and a ramp.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.crystal_ballroom.dressing_rooms":{"value":2,"low":141,"high":206,"unit":"rooms (206 and 141 sq ft)","basis":"published","label":"Crystal Ballroom dressing rooms","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Two dressing rooms one floor below the ballroom, plus a bookable pipe-and-drape third and a 1 to 4 person office. Merch: 20 ft of tables in the 2nd-floor lobby.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.crystal_ballroom.ceiling_ft":{"value":19.9,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet (floor to ceiling)","basis":"published","label":"Crystal Ballroom ceiling height","source":"Crystal Ballroom Tech Specs and Floorplan (venue page)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/tech-specs/","note":"Floor to ceiling about 19 ft 11 in; beams hang to 16 ft 11 in with about 14 ft 6 in between beams; stage trim height 14 ft 9 in.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.ryman.capacity":{"value":2362,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seats","basis":"published","label":"Ryman Auditorium (Nashville) capacity","source":"Ryman Auditorium case study (Clair Global)","url":"https://clairglobal.com/case-studies/ryman-auditorium","note":"Seat count from the Clair Global case study; balcony and floor splits are not published on pages I opened.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.ryman.stage_depth_ft":{"value":35,"low":32,"high":35,"unit":"feet (to back wall; 32 to upstage traveler)","basis":"published","label":"Ryman stage depth","source":"Ryman Auditorium tech packet (venue page)","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"Stage 4 ft high, 35 ft deep; proscenium about 60 ft 8 in wide and 21 to 22 ft high. FOH position is not published.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.ryman.loadin_push_ft":{"value":250,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Ryman load-in push","source":"Ryman Auditorium tech packet (venue page)","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"Street ramp, then roughly a 250 ft level push to stage. Largest door for gear is 83 in high x 66 in wide.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.ryman.dressing_rooms":{"value":8,"low":132,"high":216,"unit":"rooms (132 to 216 sq ft)","basis":"published","label":"Ryman dressing rooms","source":"Ryman Auditorium tech packet (venue page)","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"Eight dressing rooms, four per side: 132, 154, 156, 156, 171, 187, 196, 216 sq ft, plus a production office and a 154 sq ft makeup room.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.orpheum_memphis.capacity":{"value":2308,"low":2308,"high":2491,"unit":"seats","basis":"industry","label":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis seating capacity","source":"Orpheum Theatre (Memphis) (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheum_Theatre_(Memphis)","note":"Wikipedia: 2,308 seats after a 2014 renovation removed two orchestra rows for legroom (2,491 before, including 28 suites). Capacity moves with seat comfort.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.orpheum_memphis.foh_distance_ft":{"value":88,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis FOH distance from downstage center","source":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis technical specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.orpheum-memphis.com/technical-specs/orpheum-theatre","note":"Mix position 88 ft from downstage center, platform 19 ft 7 in x 9 ft (about 176 sq ft); first row of seats is 18 ft from plaster line.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.orpheum_memphis.stage_area_sqft":{"value":5445,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft (106 ft 1 in x 51 ft 4 in)","basis":"published","label":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis stage area (wall to wall)","source":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis technical specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.orpheum-memphis.com/technical-specs/orpheum-theatre","note":"Proscenium 54 x 30 ft; stage lip 4 ft 4 in at center, 2 ft 8 in at edges. Seat count is not on the spec page.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.orpheum_memphis.balcony_angle_deg":{"value":22,"low":12,"high":27,"unit":"degrees (12 mezzanine, 22 balcony, 27 upper balcony)","basis":"published","label":"Orpheum Memphis balcony rake angles","source":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis technical specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.orpheum-memphis.com/technical-specs/orpheum-theatre","note":"From the venue's array-aiming table: mezzanine 12, balcony 22, upper balcony 27 degrees, at 15, 24 and 48 ft above the stage floor.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.orpheum_memphis.dressing_and_dock":{"value":12,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"dressing rooms","basis":"published","label":"Orpheum Memphis dressing rooms and loading dock","source":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis technical specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.orpheum-memphis.com/technical-specs/orpheum-theatre","note":"Twelve dressing rooms: 1 star, 2 two-person, 2 eight-person, 4 chorus (17 each), 3 below stage. Dock: 3 doors 11 ft 4 in x 9 ft 4 in, freight elevator.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.marathon_music_works.capacity":{"value":1800,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people (standing, 'over 1,800')","basis":"published","label":"Marathon Music Works (Nashville) capacity","source":"Marathon Music Works home page (venue page)","url":"https://marathonmusicworks.com/","note":"Venue says standing capacity over 1,800 and up to 35,000 sq ft of flexible floor space (whole complex, not one room). Converted auto plant; stage size unpublished.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.marathon_music_works.bars":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"bars in the main room","basis":"published","label":"Marathon Music Works bars","source":"Marathon Music Works visit page (venue page)","url":"https://www.marathonmusicworks.com/visit","note":"Main room has three bars (two main floor, one in the Lux Loft) plus a vestibule bar and a cocktail bar. A dedicated ADA section sits near stage front.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.tpac_jackson_hall.capacity":{"value":2472,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seats","basis":"published","label":"TPAC Andrew Jackson Hall (Nashville) capacity","source":"TPAC Andrew Jackson Hall (venue page)","url":"https://www.tpac.org/venue/jackson-hall/","note":"Stage 130 ft 10 in x 53 ft 1 in; proscenium 57 ft 4 in x 36 ft. Seats: balcony 369, tier 790, loge 220, pit 47 (orchestra not stated).","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.brooklyn_steel.building_sqft":{"value":20000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"industry","label":"Brooklyn Steel (New York) building area","source":"Brooklyn Steel opens with L-Acoustics (ProSoundWeb)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/brooklyn-steel-live-music-venue-opens-with-l-acoustics/","note":"About 20,000 sq ft for about 1,800 general admission (11.1 sq ft per person); two balcony levels per ProSoundWeb, one per Wikipedia, which also lists 3 bars.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.regency_ballroom.floor_sqft":{"value":6600,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"The Regency Ballroom (San Francisco) room size","source":"The Regency Ballroom rental info (Goldenvoice venue page)","url":"https://www.theregencyballroom.com/rental-info","note":"Maximum 1,400 (Pollstar says 1,424), theater 700, banquet 450. Ceiling about 35 ft with a horseshoe balcony. Rental-page area; 4.7 sq ft per max person.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.hammerstein_ballroom.building_sqft":{"value":35000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"industry","label":"Hammerstein Ballroom (New York) total area","source":"Hammerstein Ballroom (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerstein_Ballroom","note":"Wikipedia: about 35,000 sq ft; 2,500 for receptions, about 2,000 theater, level floor; two low balconies seat about 1,200.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.fillmore_silver_spring.building_sqft":{"value":28000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"industry","label":"Fillmore Silver Spring building area","source":"New Fillmore Silver Spring gears up with JBL VerTec (ProSoundWeb)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/new-fillmore-silver-spring-live-performance-venue-gears-up-with-jbl-vertec-line-arrays/","note":"About 28,000 sq ft for about 2,000 people (14 sq ft per person); main array and balcony fills show an upper balcony.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.bomb_factory.building_sqft":{"value":48000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"industry","label":"Bomb Factory (Dallas) building area","source":"The Bomb Factory in Dallas outfitted with L-Acoustics (ProSoundWeb)","url":"https://www.prosoundweb.com/the-bomb-factory-in-dallas-outfitted-with-l-acoustics/","note":"About 48,000 sq ft brick former Ford assembly plant, over 4,000 capacity, two audience levels (floor and balcony). Above this class.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.mission_ballroom.loadin_and_pillars":{"value":100,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet (under 100)","basis":"industry","label":"Mission Ballroom (Denver) truck-to-stage distance and sightlines","source":"First look inside Denver's new Mission Ballroom (Denver7)","url":"https://www.denver7.com/news/our-colorado/first-look-inside-denvers-new-state-of-the-art-mission-ballroom","note":"Loading dock to stage under 100 ft; 3,500-plus seats with no pillars or obstructed seats. Building 60,000 sq ft (venue page); capacity flexes 2,200 to 3,950.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.anthem.floor_sqft":{"value":54000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"The Anthem (Washington) lobby and seating area","source":"The Anthem rentals (venue page)","url":"https://www.theanthemdc.com/rentals/","note":"Rental page: 54,000 sq ft of lobby and seating areas; about 6,000 standing, 2,500 to 3,200 seated. Above the class ceiling.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.first_avenue.bars":{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"bars","basis":"published","label":"First Avenue Mainroom (Minneapolis) bars","source":"First Avenue private events (venue page)","url":"https://first-avenue.com/contact/private-events/","note":"Six bars for up to 1,550 standing (about 258 per bar). The 'dance floor about 1,000 sq ft' on the page is probably the front pit, not the whole room.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.large.cannery_hall_mainstage.capacity":{"value":1275,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"people (standing)","basis":"published","label":"Cannery Hall Mainstage (Nashville) capacity","source":"Cannery Hall venues (venue page)","url":"https://canneryhall.com/venues/","note":"Standing 1,275, theatrical 450, banquet 320; separate bar and lounge area, multiple green rooms, rehearsal room, production office and laundry. Building is an 1883 flour mill.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_width_ft.small":{"value":20,"low":16,"high":30,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage width, small rooms","source":"Cafe du Nord venue info (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/venue-info/","note":"Median of Basement East 30, Cafe du Nord 20, Beat Kitchen 20, Hi-Dive 16, Bourbon Street 25, Swedish American Hall 17; Subterranean 20 or 30. Orientation sometimes assumed.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_depth_ft.small":{"value":14,"low":9,"high":16,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage depth, small rooms","source":"Cafe du Nord venue info (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/venue-info/","note":"Median of seven: Swedish American Hall 9, Cafe du Nord 12, Beat Kitchen 14, Subterranean 14, Bourbon 15, Hi-Dive 16, Basement East 16 ft.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_height_in.small":{"value":30,"low":18,"high":36,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage deck height, small rooms","source":"The Basement East tech specs (venue page, retrieved 2026-10-20)","url":"https://www.thebasementnashville.com/basement-east/tech-specs/","note":"Analog 18, Swedish American Hall 21, Cafe du Nord 24, Subterranean 30, Beat Kitchen 32, Basement East 36, Hi-Dive 36.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_width_ft.mid":{"value":32,"low":20,"high":40,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage width, mid-size rooms","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Median of Bowery 20, Metro 30, Neumos 32, White Oak 32, Orange Peel 36, Brooklyn Bowl 38, Treefort 40 ft. Two add 7 to 10 ft wings per side.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_depth_ft.mid":{"value":20,"low":14,"high":28,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Stage depth, mid-size rooms","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Median of Bowery 14, Neumos 16.5, Metro 17, Treefort 20, Brooklyn Bowl 21, White Oak 22, Orange Peel 28 ft.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_height_in.mid":{"value":48,"low":42,"high":48,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage deck height, mid-size rooms","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville Production Tech and Advance Information (venue PDF, updated 2025-09-04)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Neumos 42, Metro 43.5, then Orange Peel, White Oak, Brooklyn Bowl and Treefort at 48 in (4 ft).","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_height_in.large":{"value":48,"low":46,"high":52,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage deck height, large rooms","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Crystal Ballroom 46 in, Ryman 48 in, Orpheum Memphis lip 52 in at center and 32 in at the edges.","confidence":"high","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.stage_width_ft.large":{"value":60,"low":33,"high":131,"unit":"feet (Ryman proscenium; range spans ballroom to performing arts hall)","basis":"published","label":"Stage width, large rooms","source":"Ryman Auditorium tech packet (venue page)","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"Crystal Ballroom 33 ft; Ryman proscenium about 60.7 ft; Orpheum 106 ft wall to wall; TPAC 131 ft. Standing ballrooms are narrower than fixed-seat theaters.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.foh_distance_ft":{"value":45,"low":25,"high":88,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"FOH mix position distance from stage, published rooms","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Metro 25, Crystal Ballroom 42.9, Orange Peel 45, Independent 50 (500 cap), Orpheum Memphis 88. Depends on room depth more than capacity; no small-room data except the Independent.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.foh_desk_area_sqft":{"value":148,"low":103,"high":176,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"published","label":"FOH platform or booth footprint","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Crystal 103, Independent 135, Treefort 160, Orpheum 176 sq ft. Excludes the clear zone around the desk, so plan more floor loss than these.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.loadin_push_ft":{"value":100,"low":50,"high":250,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Load-in push distance from truck door to stage","source":"Brooklyn Bowl Nashville Production Tech and Advance Information (venue PDF, updated 2025-09-04)","url":"https://www.brooklynbowl.com/assets/doc/BBN-TECH-PACK-9.4.25-db5ccf5021.pdf","note":"Brooklyn Bowl 50, Metro 63 plus 12 stairs, Crystal about 100 after an elevator, Treefort 100, Mission under 100, Ryman 250. Every step adds time and goodwill cost.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.loadin_stairs_max":{"value":12,"low":0,"high":12,"unit":"steps","basis":"published","label":"Most stair steps found on a load-in route","source":"Metro Chicago: Parking and Load In Info (venue PDF)","url":"https://metrochicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/METRO-LOAD-IN.pdf","note":"Metro Chicago has 12 stairs, 12 ft wide. All other documented rooms use a ramp, elevator or level doors (Ryman, Brooklyn Bowl, Orange Peel, Crystal).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.loadin_door_clear_width_in":{"value":66,"low":40,"high":136,"unit":"inches (typical largest door; minimum 40)","basis":"published","label":"Narrowest clear width on documented load-in routes","source":"Ryman Auditorium tech packet (venue page)","url":"https://www.ryman.com/tech/packet","note":"Ryman largest door 66 in; Metro doors 64 to 69 in; Crystal elevator door 46 in; Brooklyn Bowl ramp 40 in; Orpheum dock doors 136 in.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.green_room_sqft":{"value":180,"low":132,"high":230,"unit":"sq ft per room","basis":"published","label":"Dressing or green room size","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Median of 12 published rooms: Ryman 132 to 216, Crystal 141 and 206, Brooklyn Bowl 200 and 230. Rooms typically have a private bathroom; larger ones add a shower.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.green_room_sqft_for_eight":{"value":120,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft","basis":"estimate","label":"Floor needed to seat a five-piece plus three crew","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Derived: 8 people x 15 sq ft each (the tables-and-chairs density used for the green room). Every published dressing room (132 sq ft and up) fits, with little spare room.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms","corrected":true},"rooms.green_rooms_count":{"value":2,"low":1,"high":12,"unit":"rooms","basis":"published","label":"Number of green or dressing rooms","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (venue page)","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Cafe du Nord and Grey Eagle 1; Basement East, Orange Peel, Brooklyn Bowl, Treefort, Crystal 2; Metro 3; Ryman 8; Orpheum 12 (performing arts halls).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.merch_table_ft":{"value":20,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet of table","basis":"published","label":"Venue-supplied merch table length","source":"McMenamins Crystal Ballroom Production Tech Pack (venue PDF, updated 2025-02)","url":"https://www.crystalballroompdx.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CBRVenuespecs25.pdf","note":"Crystal supplies an L-shaped merch area of two 6 ft tables and one 8 ft table in the 2nd-floor lobby; Brooklyn Bowl sells at back right of the floor.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.bar_length_ft":{"value":50,"low":46,"high":55,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Length of the signature long bar","source":"Cafe du Nord venue info (venue page)","url":"https://cafedunord.com/venue-info/","note":"Cafe du Nord front bar 55 ft; Bowery Ballroom lounge horseshoe bar 50 ft; Orange Peel bar 46 ft with 40 taps.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.patrons_per_bar":{"value":275,"low":175,"high":600,"unit":"people per bar","basis":"estimate","label":"Capacity per bar in published rooms","source":"Venue pages for First Avenue, Turf Club, Neumos, Bowery, Showbox, Union Transfer, 9:30 Club, Orange Peel, Brooklyn Steel, Marathon (see rooms.* rows)","url":"https://first-avenue.com/contact/private-events/","note":"Median of 11 rooms: Turf Club 175, Neumos 250, First Avenue 258, Showbox 275, Union Transfer and 9:30 Club 300, Orange Peel 525, Brooklyn Steel and Marathon 600.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.ceiling_ft":{"value":19.9,"low":8,"high":35,"unit":"feet","basis":"published","label":"Ceiling height in published rooms","source":"Neumos venue specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.neumos.com/info/venue-specs","note":"Median of nine. Clubs and roof-sloped rooms 8 to 13 ft; converted ballrooms 16 to 20; historic theaters and ballrooms 24 to 35 (Bowery 24, Bourbon 30, Regency 35).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.capacity_theater_to_standing":{"value":0.5,"low":0.31,"high":1,"unit":"ratio (theater seats / standing)","basis":"estimate","label":"Theater-style capacity as a share of standing capacity","source":"The Regency Ballroom rental info (Goldenvoice venue page)","url":"https://www.theregencyballroom.com/rental-info","note":"Median of nine rooms: Cafe du Nord 0.31, Cannery Mainstage 0.35, Regency 0.50, Social Hall 0.67, Lodge 1.0. Seating cuts a standing room's headcount sharply.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.capacity_banquet_to_standing":{"value":0.32,"low":0.24,"high":0.8,"unit":"ratio (banquet seats / standing)","basis":"estimate","label":"Banquet (table) capacity as a share of standing capacity","source":"The Regency Ballroom rental info (Goldenvoice venue page)","url":"https://www.theregencyballroom.com/rental-info","note":"Median of 9 rooms: Mil 0.24, Cafe du Nord 0.25, Regency 0.32, Social Hall 0.58, Amaranth 0.63, Lodge 0.80. Tables roughly triple the floor per head.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.standing_gain_over_fixed_seats":{"value":1.24,"low":1.24,"high":1.76,"unit":"ratio (standing / seated)","basis":"industry","label":"Headcount gain from removing fixed seats","source":"The Wiltern (Wikipedia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wiltern","note":"The Wiltern holds 1,850 seated or up to 2,300 standing after removing 1,200 floor seats (1.24x). Crystal Ballroom: 1,500 standing versus 850 seated (1.76x).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.capacity_source_spread_pct":{"value":15,"low":13,"high":26,"unit":"percent (high over low)","basis":"estimate","label":"How far published capacity for the same room varies","source":"Bowery Ballroom private events (Mercury East venue page)","url":"http://www.mercuryeastpresents.com/boweryballroom/private-events/","note":"Bowery Ballroom 575 to 650 (13%), Neumos 650 to 750 (15%), Basement East 475 to 600 (26%). Capacity on paper is a negotiable number.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.columns_and_sightline_obstructions":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"qualitative","basis":"published","label":"Columns and structure that block views in published rooms","source":"Cain's Ballroom FAQ (venue page)","url":"https://www.cainsballroom.com/venue-info/faq/","note":"Cain's Ballroom mezzanine view is 'somewhat obstructed' by support beams; Cafe du Nord has a row of columns; Mission Ballroom advertises no pillars. No column counts or spacing published.","confidence":"medium","topic":"r7-rooms"},"rooms.floor_rake_data":{"value":null,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"not found","basis":"published","label":"Floor rake or raised floor data for standing rooms","source":"Orpheum Theatre Memphis technical specs (venue page)","url":"https://www.orpheum-memphis.com/technical-specs/orpheum-theatre","note":"No rake figures found for standing rooms. Only balcony angles (Orpheum, 12 to 27 degrees) and Variety Playhouse's lowered front pit were found.","confidence":"low","topic":"r7-rooms"},"restroom.visit_seconds_women":{"value":150,"low":127,"high":181,"unit":"seconds per visit, women","basis":"research","label":"Seconds per restroom visit, women","source":"Rawls (1988), Restroom usage in selected public buildings: females and males (Virginia Tech)","url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/53598","note":"Women 150 s per visit and men 85 s, both from the same 1988 study (Rawls). The low end of the range, 127 s, was measured at a 2025 stadium concert; the game does not use it as the default.","confidence":"high","topic":"r2-service","corrected":true},"stage.height_in_by_capacity.mid":{"value":48,"low":42,"high":48,"unit":"inches","basis":"published","label":"Stage deck height, mid-size room (501 to 1,200 capacity)","source":"The Orange Peel tech info (1,050 standing); same pattern in Metro, Neumos, White Oak Downstairs and Brooklyn Bowl Nashville tech specs","url":"https://theorangepeel.net/info/tech-info/","note":"Neumos and Metro 42 in; Orange Peel, White Oak Downstairs, Brooklyn Bowl 48 in. Use 48 in default. Music Box San Diego is 54 in (capacity unpublished).","confidence":"medium","topic":"r3-sightlines","corrected":true},"merch.venue_commission_pct":{"value":10,"low":0,"high":25,"unit":"percent of gross merch kept by the venue","basis":"estimate","label":"Venue's share of merch sales","source":"Course assumption","url":"","note":"The band keeps most merch money, so the report shows what the fans paid beside the venue's share.","confidence":"low","topic":"correction","corrected":true},"sight.row_spacing_ft":{"value":2.2,"low":2,"high":2.65,"unit":"feet","basis":"estimate","label":"Front-to-back spacing of a packed standing crowd (one row of heads to the next)","source":"2018 IBC Table 1004.5 (UpCodes Idaho copy); Doug Matthews assumes 2 ft; Green Guide cites 0.5 m2 per person for outdoor music","url":"https://up.codes/viewer/idaho/ibc-2018/chapter/10/means-of-egress","note":"5 sq ft per standing person is a 2.24 ft square; Matthews assumes 2 ft; the Green Guide's 0.5 m2 is 2.3 ft. The game uses 2.2 ft.","confidence":"low","topic":"correction","corrected":true},"sim.timeline.doors":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after doors","basis":"model","label":"Doors open (7:00 PM)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.timeline.opener_start":{"value":45,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after doors","basis":"model","label":"First act starts (7:45 PM)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.timeline.opener_end":{"value":75,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after doors","basis":"model","label":"First act ends (8:15 PM)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.timeline.support_start":{"value":95,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after doors","basis":"model","label":"Second act starts (8:35 PM)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.timeline.support_end":{"value":125,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after doors","basis":"model","label":"Second act ends (9:05 PM)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.timeline.headliner_start":{"value":150,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after doors","basis":"model","label":"Headliner starts (9:30 PM, the course's number)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.timeline.headliner_end":{"value":230,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after doors","basis":"model","label":"Headliner ends (10:50 PM)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.timeline.curfew":{"value":270,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after doors","basis":"model","label":"Curfew (11:30 PM)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.price_per_drink":{"value":9,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"USD per drink","basis":"model","label":"Average price of a drink","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.reach_giveup_minutes":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Longest walk through the crowd to a bar that any guest will try between sets or while an opening act plays (the share who try falls in a straight line from the comfortable walk down to nobody at this time)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.yield_factor":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"times slower","basis":"model","label":"The course's teaching assumption: how much slower it is to push through a crowd that is standing to watch than the walking-speed table says (the table is for a moving crowd; people watching must make way)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"Not a published measurement: no study of how much a standing crowd slows a guest who is pushing through it to a bar was found. It sets the minutes of every walk to a bar from 9:30, so it works together with the half minute and the 48 seconds.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.reach_comfort_minutes":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Minutes through the crowd that every guest will spend to reach the bar; this is the walk between sets, and between it and the give-up time fewer and fewer try","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.watch_share_at_headliner":{"value":0.92,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Share of guests standing and watching during the headliner","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.stage_preference_fraction":{"value":0.35,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction of floor depth","basis":"model","label":"How quickly the crowd thins away from the stage","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.merch.service_seconds":{"value":45,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seconds","basis":"model","label":"Seconds to sell a shirt","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.door.leaf_ft":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Width of one door leaf","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.door.clear_zone_ft":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Depth kept clear just inside every door and exit","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.foh.clearance_ft":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Clear space an engineer needs on every side of the sound desk","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.fallback_depth_ft":{"value":70,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"How far in front of the stage the crowd stands when no floor is drawn","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.walk.jam_speed_ft_s":{"value":0.3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet per second","basis":"model","label":"Walking speed in a jammed crowd (under 3 sq ft per person)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.service_jitter":{"value":0.25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"How much each service time varies, plus or minus","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.arrival.pre_doors_window_min":{"value":25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"How long before doors the early line forms","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.arrival.first_hour_min":{"value":60,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Length of the main arrival wave after doors","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.arrival.after_headliner_start_min":{"value":20,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Latest arrivals, minutes after the headliner starts","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.inside_share_during_arrivals":{"value":0.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Share of the night's guests inside at once while people are still arriving","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.front_clear_ft":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Barricade strip in front of the stage where nobody stands","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.centre_boost":{"value":0.15,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Extra pull toward the centre line of the stage","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.pack_lead_min":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Minutes before the headliner when the crowd starts moving to the stage","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.coat.mild_weather_factor":{"value":0.4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Coat use on a mild night compared with a cold one","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.bar.first_order_min_min":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Earliest first drink after coming inside","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.bar.first_order_max_min":{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Latest first drink after coming inside","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.restroom.during_show_share":{"value":0.42,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Share of restroom trips made while a set is playing (a design choice; one 2026 case study of women's trips found 39 to 45 percent, not independently confirmed)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.restroom.post_show_window_min":{"value":10,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Window after the headliner when guests make a last restroom stop","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.exit.applause_max_min":{"value":6,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Longest wait after the last song before a guest heads for the exit","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.merch.after_show_share":{"value":0.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Share of merch buyers who wait until after the headliner","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.restroom.abandon_wait_min":{"value":20,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Restroom wait at which a guest gives up the trip (a design choice: women report an average intermission wait of 14 minutes, so this sits above it; nobody queues for hours)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.restroom.men_share_of_visits":{"value":0.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Share of restroom visits made by men (the rest by women): guests are split evenly between the sexes","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.restroom.settle_min":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Minutes after coming inside before a guest's restroom trips begin","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.restroom.after_show_min":{"value":3,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Minutes after the headliner ends that still count as time inside when working out restroom trips","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.restroom.max_visits":{"value":20,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"visits","basis":"model","label":"Most restroom trips one guest makes in a night","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.custom.sqft_per_guest":{"value":7,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"sq ft per guest","basis":"model","label":"Floor space one guest takes at an extra stop you add (how many are served at once = its area divided by this)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.custom.after_entry_min":{"value":2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Earliest a guest uses an extra stop, minutes after coming inside","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.custom.before_headliner_min":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Extra stops stop being used this many minutes before the headliner starts","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.exit.min_width_door_equivalents":{"value":0.25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"36-inch doors","basis":"model","label":"The least an exit opening counts for, in 36-inch doors (so even a very thin exit lets people through)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.sidewalk.files":{"value":4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"files","basis":"model","label":"Files of guests standing on the public sidewalk when there is no line lane (animation only)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.sidewalk.spread_ft":{"value":40,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"How wide the arriving crowd spreads along the street when no sidewalk is drawn (animation only)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.sidewalk.spawn_ft":{"value":12,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"How far from the door guests first appear when no sidewalk is drawn (animation only)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.anim.file_gap_ft":{"value":1.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Sideways gap between files of guests in a line lane (animation only)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.door.bag_check":{"value":0,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"0 = off, 1 = on","basis":"model","label":"Bag check at the door: off by default; on adds the research's extra seconds per guest","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.reach_comfort_set_minutes":{"value":0.25,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Minutes through the crowd that every guest will spend to reach the bar WHILE AN OPENING ACT PLAYS (a quarter minute: they are watching, and every minute away is a minute of the show missed); between this and the give-up time fewer and fewer try","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.reach_headliner_comfort_minutes":{"value":0.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"The course's teaching assumption: during the headliner, a guest who wants a drink will push through the packed crowd for about half a minute to reach a bar; beyond that fewer and fewer try","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"Not a published measurement: no study of how far people at a concert will push through a crowd to reach a bar was found. The game uses it so that where the bar sits can be tested. It applies only from 9:30; before that guests walk as the other walking rules say.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.reach_headliner_giveup_minutes":{"value":0.8,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"The course's teaching assumption: during the headliner, nobody makes a walk of about 48 seconds through the packed crowd to a bar; between half a minute and this the share who try falls in a straight line to nobody","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"Not a published measurement. Together with the half minute that every guest will make, it turns \"a bar you cannot reach during the headliner stops earning at 9:30\" into a rule the night can test.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.crowd.front_stays_pull":{"value":0.4,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"share of the best spot","basis":"model","label":"The course's teaching assumption: during the headliner, a guest standing on a spot at least this good (the best spot, at the stage lip, is 1) will not give it up for a drink; on a worse spot more and more guests will make the trip, so the bar sales after 9:30 come mostly from the back and the sides of the floor","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"Not a published measurement. It moves who buys a drink during the headliner (the front of the crowd buys at the changeover instead), not how much the bar sells in all: the research's share of the night's bar sales after 9:30 is kept.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.restroom.women_share_of_fixtures":{"value":0.5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Share of a gendered restroom block's water closets that go to women (the plumbing code splits the load evenly between the sexes, so the fixtures are split evenly too; an odd one goes to women). An all-gender block is one shared pool","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.sell.min_wait_sec":{"value":20,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seconds","basis":"model","label":"Least a guest must wait at a stop before a sale offered there can reach them (a shorter wait leaves no time to be sold to). A design choice, not a researched fact","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.sell.takeup_factor":{"value":1,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"times the menu's rate","basis":"model","label":"How much of a menu item's own take-up rate applies to a guest who is waiting at that stop (1 = the menu's rate). The menu rates are planning estimates, so this is the game's assumption about how many people buy, not a measurement","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.flag.long_wait_sec":{"value":60,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seconds","basis":"model","label":"Mean wait the night report calls long (the course's one minute)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.flag.after930_share":{"value":0.6,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"fraction","basis":"model","label":"Share of the 9:30 bar sales that must survive before the report warns about reach","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.egress.band_1_max":{"value":500,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"occupants","basis":"model","label":"Largest occupant load that needs only the first exit count","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.egress.band_2_max":{"value":1000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"occupants","basis":"model","label":"Largest occupant load that needs only the second exit count","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.max_agents":{"value":4000,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"agents","basis":"model","label":"Most guests simulated one by one (bigger crowds are grouped)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.anim.decimate_ft":{"value":8,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Spacing of the animation's route points","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.anim.line_step_sec":{"value":60,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"seconds","basis":"model","label":"How often a waiting guest's place in line is updated in the animation","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.series.step_min":{"value":15,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes","basis":"model","label":"Width of one bar in the sales-through-the-night chart","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sim.clock.doors_minute_of_day":{"value":1140,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"minutes after midnight","basis":"model","label":"Clock time when doors open (7:00 PM)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sight.eye_standing_ft":{"value":5.2,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Standing eye height (adult, about 62 in)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sight.head_over_eye_ft":{"value":0.35,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Head top above the eye","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sight.performer_face_ft":{"value":5,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet above the stage 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game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sight.max_viewing_ft":{"value":80,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"feet","basis":"model","label":"Distance beyond which the view is rated down: 80 ft, the farthest seat recommended for reading a performer's face (published range 60 to 120 ft)","source":"The Patron's Path model","url":"","note":"A design choice of the game, not a researched fact.","confidence":"model","topic":"model"},"sight.max_side_angle_deg":{"value":70,"low":null,"high":null,"unit":"degrees","basis":"model","label":"Side angle beyond which the view is rated down: 70 degrees. 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